High-Precision Diagnosis of the Whole Process of Laser-Induced Plasma and Shock Waves Using Simultaneous Phase-Shift Interferometry

This study employs the simultaneous phase-shift interferometry (SPSI) system to diagnose laser-induced plasma (LIP) and shock wave (SW). In high-density LIP diagnostics, the Faraday rotation effect causes probe light polarization deflection, rendering traditional fixed-phase-demodulation methods ine...

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Main Authors: Lou Gao, Hongchao Zhang, Jian Lu, Zhonghua Shen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Photonics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/6/601
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author Lou Gao
Hongchao Zhang
Jian Lu
Zhonghua Shen
author_facet Lou Gao
Hongchao Zhang
Jian Lu
Zhonghua Shen
author_sort Lou Gao
collection DOAJ
description This study employs the simultaneous phase-shift interferometry (SPSI) system to diagnose laser-induced plasma (LIP) and shock wave (SW). In high-density LIP diagnostics, the Faraday rotation effect causes probe light polarization deflection, rendering traditional fixed-phase-demodulation methods ineffective, the Carré phase-recovery algorithm is adopted and its applicability is verified. Uncertainty analysis and precision verification show that the total phase shift uncertainty is controlled within 0.045 radians, equivalent to a refractive index accuracy of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>8.55</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>6</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, with sensitivity to weak perturbations improved by approximately one order of magnitude compared to conventional carrier-frequency interferometry. Experimental results demonstrate that the SPSI system precisely captures the initial spatiotemporal evolution of LIP and tracks shock waves at varying attenuation levels, exhibiting notable advantages in weak shock wave detection. This research validates the SPSI system’s high sensitivity to transient weak perturbations, offering a valuable diagnostic tool for high-vacuum plasmas, low-pressure shock waves, and stress waves in optical materials.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2304-6732
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publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher MDPI AG
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spelling doaj-art-068dedbf270d44479137e1772aca0cb12025-08-20T03:27:22ZengMDPI AGPhotonics2304-67322025-06-0112660110.3390/photonics12060601High-Precision Diagnosis of the Whole Process of Laser-Induced Plasma and Shock Waves Using Simultaneous Phase-Shift InterferometryLou Gao0Hongchao Zhang1Jian Lu2Zhonghua Shen3School of Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, ChinaSchool of Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, ChinaSchool of Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, ChinaSchool of Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, ChinaThis study employs the simultaneous phase-shift interferometry (SPSI) system to diagnose laser-induced plasma (LIP) and shock wave (SW). In high-density LIP diagnostics, the Faraday rotation effect causes probe light polarization deflection, rendering traditional fixed-phase-demodulation methods ineffective, the Carré phase-recovery algorithm is adopted and its applicability is verified. Uncertainty analysis and precision verification show that the total phase shift uncertainty is controlled within 0.045 radians, equivalent to a refractive index accuracy of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>8.55</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>6</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, with sensitivity to weak perturbations improved by approximately one order of magnitude compared to conventional carrier-frequency interferometry. Experimental results demonstrate that the SPSI system precisely captures the initial spatiotemporal evolution of LIP and tracks shock waves at varying attenuation levels, exhibiting notable advantages in weak shock wave detection. This research validates the SPSI system’s high sensitivity to transient weak perturbations, offering a valuable diagnostic tool for high-vacuum plasmas, low-pressure shock waves, and stress waves in optical materials.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/6/601laser-induced plasmashock wavesimultaneous phase-shift interferometry
spellingShingle Lou Gao
Hongchao Zhang
Jian Lu
Zhonghua Shen
High-Precision Diagnosis of the Whole Process of Laser-Induced Plasma and Shock Waves Using Simultaneous Phase-Shift Interferometry
Photonics
laser-induced plasma
shock wave
simultaneous phase-shift interferometry
title High-Precision Diagnosis of the Whole Process of Laser-Induced Plasma and Shock Waves Using Simultaneous Phase-Shift Interferometry
title_full High-Precision Diagnosis of the Whole Process of Laser-Induced Plasma and Shock Waves Using Simultaneous Phase-Shift Interferometry
title_fullStr High-Precision Diagnosis of the Whole Process of Laser-Induced Plasma and Shock Waves Using Simultaneous Phase-Shift Interferometry
title_full_unstemmed High-Precision Diagnosis of the Whole Process of Laser-Induced Plasma and Shock Waves Using Simultaneous Phase-Shift Interferometry
title_short High-Precision Diagnosis of the Whole Process of Laser-Induced Plasma and Shock Waves Using Simultaneous Phase-Shift Interferometry
title_sort high precision diagnosis of the whole process of laser induced plasma and shock waves using simultaneous phase shift interferometry
topic laser-induced plasma
shock wave
simultaneous phase-shift interferometry
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/6/601
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AT hongchaozhang highprecisiondiagnosisofthewholeprocessoflaserinducedplasmaandshockwavesusingsimultaneousphaseshiftinterferometry
AT jianlu highprecisiondiagnosisofthewholeprocessoflaserinducedplasmaandshockwavesusingsimultaneousphaseshiftinterferometry
AT zhonghuashen highprecisiondiagnosisofthewholeprocessoflaserinducedplasmaandshockwavesusingsimultaneousphaseshiftinterferometry