International trade and plastic waste in oceans: legal and policy challenges

Plastic waste pollution in oceans has emerged as a severe global crisis, exacerbated by international trade. The increased movement of goods, particularly plastic-based products, contributes significantly to marine plastic pollution. This study explores the intersection of international trade and pl...

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Main Authors: Zhang Hui, Aftab Haider, Asif Khan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Marine Science
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2025.1627829/full
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author Zhang Hui
Aftab Haider
Asif Khan
author_facet Zhang Hui
Aftab Haider
Asif Khan
author_sort Zhang Hui
collection DOAJ
description Plastic waste pollution in oceans has emerged as a severe global crisis, exacerbated by international trade. The increased movement of goods, particularly plastic-based products, contributes significantly to marine plastic pollution. This study explores the intersection of international trade and plastic waste, focusing on legal and policy challenges. Using a qualitative research design, this paper reviews international legal frameworks such as the Basel Convention, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), and regional trade agreements to assess their effectiveness in addressing plastic waste issues. The research highlights critical enforcement gaps, lack of standardized regulations, and insufficient international cooperation as major obstacles to effective plastic waste management. Key findings suggest strengthening international legal frameworks, enhancing monitoring and compliance mechanisms, and promoting sustainable trade practices are crucial for mitigating plastic pollution in oceans. The study underscores the necessity for binding agreements within trade policies to ensure a sustainable balance between economic growth and marine ecosystem preservation.
format Article
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publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Marine Science
spelling doaj-art-0684703f4b8a48a897d393acb468c4d32025-08-20T03:05:34ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452025-08-011210.3389/fmars.2025.16278291627829International trade and plastic waste in oceans: legal and policy challengesZhang Hui0Aftab Haider1Asif Khan2School of Law, Southwest University of Political Science and Law, Chongqing, ChinaSchool of Law, Southwest University of Political Science and Law, Chongqing, ChinaSchool of Law, Hainan University, Haikou, ChinaPlastic waste pollution in oceans has emerged as a severe global crisis, exacerbated by international trade. The increased movement of goods, particularly plastic-based products, contributes significantly to marine plastic pollution. This study explores the intersection of international trade and plastic waste, focusing on legal and policy challenges. Using a qualitative research design, this paper reviews international legal frameworks such as the Basel Convention, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), and regional trade agreements to assess their effectiveness in addressing plastic waste issues. The research highlights critical enforcement gaps, lack of standardized regulations, and insufficient international cooperation as major obstacles to effective plastic waste management. Key findings suggest strengthening international legal frameworks, enhancing monitoring and compliance mechanisms, and promoting sustainable trade practices are crucial for mitigating plastic pollution in oceans. The study underscores the necessity for binding agreements within trade policies to ensure a sustainable balance between economic growth and marine ecosystem preservation.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2025.1627829/fullenvironmental governancewaste management policiesmarine ecosystem degradationtransboundary pollutionregulatory enforcementcircular economy
spellingShingle Zhang Hui
Aftab Haider
Asif Khan
International trade and plastic waste in oceans: legal and policy challenges
Frontiers in Marine Science
environmental governance
waste management policies
marine ecosystem degradation
transboundary pollution
regulatory enforcement
circular economy
title International trade and plastic waste in oceans: legal and policy challenges
title_full International trade and plastic waste in oceans: legal and policy challenges
title_fullStr International trade and plastic waste in oceans: legal and policy challenges
title_full_unstemmed International trade and plastic waste in oceans: legal and policy challenges
title_short International trade and plastic waste in oceans: legal and policy challenges
title_sort international trade and plastic waste in oceans legal and policy challenges
topic environmental governance
waste management policies
marine ecosystem degradation
transboundary pollution
regulatory enforcement
circular economy
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2025.1627829/full
work_keys_str_mv AT zhanghui internationaltradeandplasticwasteinoceanslegalandpolicychallenges
AT aftabhaider internationaltradeandplasticwasteinoceanslegalandpolicychallenges
AT asifkhan internationaltradeandplasticwasteinoceanslegalandpolicychallenges