Computational fluid dynamics and machine learning integration for evaluating solar thermal collector efficiency -Based parameter analysis

Abstract The present paper provides a novel hybrid computational framework that integrates Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) with advanced machine learning techniques to optimize solar thermal collectors employing micro-heat pipe arrays (MHPA) for food dehydration applications. The methodology addr...

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Main Authors: Xiaoyu Hu, Lanting Guo, Jiyuan Wang, Yang Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10212-w
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author Xiaoyu Hu
Lanting Guo
Jiyuan Wang
Yang Liu
author_facet Xiaoyu Hu
Lanting Guo
Jiyuan Wang
Yang Liu
author_sort Xiaoyu Hu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The present paper provides a novel hybrid computational framework that integrates Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) with advanced machine learning techniques to optimize solar thermal collectors employing micro-heat pipe arrays (MHPA) for food dehydration applications. The methodology addresses the fundamental challenge of balancing computational efficiency with prediction accuracy in thermal system design. A validated CFD model generated 935 numerical cases across diverse operational and design parameters, which were used to train and evaluate three machine learning algorithms: linear regression (LR), support vector regression (SVR), and artificial neural networks (ANN). While baseline LR achieved R² = 0.61, optimized SVR and ANN models demonstrated superior performance with R² values of 0.96 and 0.94 respectively. The study identifies a critical transition at 100–300 samples where error rates drop sharply, with optimal performance requiring more than 600 samples. Entropy analysis quantified information transfer between input parameters and thermal efficiency, identifying MHPA thermal conductivity as the most influential parameter (~ 20% mutual information), followed by air inlet temperature (~ 17%) and air velocity (~ 14%). This information-theoretic approach provided clear design priorities by measuring entropy reduction potential of each parameter. Interpretability analysis established optimal operating ranges for key parameters including MHPA equivalent thermal conductivity, power density, glass cover heat transfer coefficient, and air inlet temperature. The hybrid methodology shows promise for efficiently optimizing solar thermal collector designs at lower computational costs than traditional methods to provide valuable insights for solar food drying systems.
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spelling doaj-art-06657dd7a692472bbbbc2053aef19ce42025-08-20T03:43:26ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115112110.1038/s41598-025-10212-wComputational fluid dynamics and machine learning integration for evaluating solar thermal collector efficiency -Based parameter analysisXiaoyu Hu0Lanting Guo1Jiyuan Wang2Yang Liu3Stevens Institute of TechnologyUniversity of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignDuke UniversityWorcester Polytechnic InstituteAbstract The present paper provides a novel hybrid computational framework that integrates Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) with advanced machine learning techniques to optimize solar thermal collectors employing micro-heat pipe arrays (MHPA) for food dehydration applications. The methodology addresses the fundamental challenge of balancing computational efficiency with prediction accuracy in thermal system design. A validated CFD model generated 935 numerical cases across diverse operational and design parameters, which were used to train and evaluate three machine learning algorithms: linear regression (LR), support vector regression (SVR), and artificial neural networks (ANN). While baseline LR achieved R² = 0.61, optimized SVR and ANN models demonstrated superior performance with R² values of 0.96 and 0.94 respectively. The study identifies a critical transition at 100–300 samples where error rates drop sharply, with optimal performance requiring more than 600 samples. Entropy analysis quantified information transfer between input parameters and thermal efficiency, identifying MHPA thermal conductivity as the most influential parameter (~ 20% mutual information), followed by air inlet temperature (~ 17%) and air velocity (~ 14%). This information-theoretic approach provided clear design priorities by measuring entropy reduction potential of each parameter. Interpretability analysis established optimal operating ranges for key parameters including MHPA equivalent thermal conductivity, power density, glass cover heat transfer coefficient, and air inlet temperature. The hybrid methodology shows promise for efficiently optimizing solar thermal collector designs at lower computational costs than traditional methods to provide valuable insights for solar food drying systems.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10212-wCFD-ML hybrid modelEntropy optimizationSolar thermal collector
spellingShingle Xiaoyu Hu
Lanting Guo
Jiyuan Wang
Yang Liu
Computational fluid dynamics and machine learning integration for evaluating solar thermal collector efficiency -Based parameter analysis
Scientific Reports
CFD-ML hybrid model
Entropy optimization
Solar thermal collector
title Computational fluid dynamics and machine learning integration for evaluating solar thermal collector efficiency -Based parameter analysis
title_full Computational fluid dynamics and machine learning integration for evaluating solar thermal collector efficiency -Based parameter analysis
title_fullStr Computational fluid dynamics and machine learning integration for evaluating solar thermal collector efficiency -Based parameter analysis
title_full_unstemmed Computational fluid dynamics and machine learning integration for evaluating solar thermal collector efficiency -Based parameter analysis
title_short Computational fluid dynamics and machine learning integration for evaluating solar thermal collector efficiency -Based parameter analysis
title_sort computational fluid dynamics and machine learning integration for evaluating solar thermal collector efficiency based parameter analysis
topic CFD-ML hybrid model
Entropy optimization
Solar thermal collector
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10212-w
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AT lantingguo computationalfluiddynamicsandmachinelearningintegrationforevaluatingsolarthermalcollectorefficiencybasedparameteranalysis
AT jiyuanwang computationalfluiddynamicsandmachinelearningintegrationforevaluatingsolarthermalcollectorefficiencybasedparameteranalysis
AT yangliu computationalfluiddynamicsandmachinelearningintegrationforevaluatingsolarthermalcollectorefficiencybasedparameteranalysis