tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs): establishing their dominance in the regulation of human cancer

The main function of transfer RNAs (tRNAs) is to carry amino acids into the ribosome and synthesize proteins under the guidance of messenger RNAs (mRNAs). In addition to this, it has been observed that tRNAs undergo precise cleavage at specific loci, giving rise to an extensive array of distinct sma...

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Main Authors: Li Gong, Yajie Hu, Ling Pan, Yufeng Cheng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-11-01
Series:Frontiers in Genetics
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2024.1466213/full
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author Li Gong
Yajie Hu
Ling Pan
Ling Pan
Yufeng Cheng
Yufeng Cheng
author_facet Li Gong
Yajie Hu
Ling Pan
Ling Pan
Yufeng Cheng
Yufeng Cheng
author_sort Li Gong
collection DOAJ
description The main function of transfer RNAs (tRNAs) is to carry amino acids into the ribosome and synthesize proteins under the guidance of messenger RNAs (mRNAs). In addition to this, it has been observed that tRNAs undergo precise cleavage at specific loci, giving rise to an extensive array of distinct small RNAs, termed tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs). Existing studies have shown that tsRNAs are widely present across various organisms and comprehensively regulate gene expression, aberrant expression of tsRNAs is inextricably linked to tumorigenesis and development, thus, a systematic understanding of tsRNAs is necessary. This review aims to comprehensively delineate the genesis and expression patterns of tsRNAs, elucidate their diverse functions and emphasize their prospective clinical application as biomarkers and targets for therapy. It is noteworthy that we innovatively address the roles played by tsRNAs in human cancers at the level of the hallmarks of tumorigenesis proposed by Hanahan in anticipation of a broad understanding of tsRNAs and to guide the treatment of tumors.
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spelling doaj-art-065621d423cb407198c059c058946b4e2025-08-20T02:23:09ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Genetics1664-80212024-11-011510.3389/fgene.2024.14662131466213tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs): establishing their dominance in the regulation of human cancerLi Gong0Yajie Hu1Ling Pan2Ling Pan3Yufeng Cheng4Yufeng Cheng5Department of Radiation Oncology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaResearch Center for Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaResearch Center for Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaThe main function of transfer RNAs (tRNAs) is to carry amino acids into the ribosome and synthesize proteins under the guidance of messenger RNAs (mRNAs). In addition to this, it has been observed that tRNAs undergo precise cleavage at specific loci, giving rise to an extensive array of distinct small RNAs, termed tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs). Existing studies have shown that tsRNAs are widely present across various organisms and comprehensively regulate gene expression, aberrant expression of tsRNAs is inextricably linked to tumorigenesis and development, thus, a systematic understanding of tsRNAs is necessary. This review aims to comprehensively delineate the genesis and expression patterns of tsRNAs, elucidate their diverse functions and emphasize their prospective clinical application as biomarkers and targets for therapy. It is noteworthy that we innovatively address the roles played by tsRNAs in human cancers at the level of the hallmarks of tumorigenesis proposed by Hanahan in anticipation of a broad understanding of tsRNAs and to guide the treatment of tumors.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2024.1466213/fulltRNA-derived small RNAstRNA-derived fragmentstRNA halveshallmarksbiomarkerstherapeutic targets
spellingShingle Li Gong
Yajie Hu
Ling Pan
Ling Pan
Yufeng Cheng
Yufeng Cheng
tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs): establishing their dominance in the regulation of human cancer
Frontiers in Genetics
tRNA-derived small RNAs
tRNA-derived fragments
tRNA halves
hallmarks
biomarkers
therapeutic targets
title tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs): establishing their dominance in the regulation of human cancer
title_full tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs): establishing their dominance in the regulation of human cancer
title_fullStr tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs): establishing their dominance in the regulation of human cancer
title_full_unstemmed tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs): establishing their dominance in the regulation of human cancer
title_short tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs): establishing their dominance in the regulation of human cancer
title_sort trna derived small rnas tsrnas establishing their dominance in the regulation of human cancer
topic tRNA-derived small RNAs
tRNA-derived fragments
tRNA halves
hallmarks
biomarkers
therapeutic targets
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2024.1466213/full
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