Sustainable microwave-assisted liquefaction of sugarcane bagasse into aromatic monomers using green acid/alcohol solutions
Sustainable development depends on the efficient processing of biomass into valuable chemicals, fuels, and materials. Herein, we report the facile and efficient microwave-assisted liquefaction of sugarcane bagasse (SB) under mild conditions using environmentally friendly acid/alcohol mixtures for 20...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2025-12-01
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| Series: | Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/17518253.2025.2539736 |
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| author | Emmanuel Mkumbuzi Werner E. van Zyl |
| author_facet | Emmanuel Mkumbuzi Werner E. van Zyl |
| author_sort | Emmanuel Mkumbuzi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sustainable development depends on the efficient processing of biomass into valuable chemicals, fuels, and materials. Herein, we report the facile and efficient microwave-assisted liquefaction of sugarcane bagasse (SB) under mild conditions using environmentally friendly acid/alcohol mixtures for 20 minutes at 160 °C. The main monoaromatic products detected in the ethyl acetate extracted bio-oils as characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were investigated, and a variety of carbonyls, esters, carboxylic acids, and unsaturated compounds were detected. Overall, 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (DHBF) had the greatest percentage composition of 33.7% in a formic acid/methanol mixture. Methyl p-coumarate, 3’-methoxyacetophenone, dioctyl phthalate, vanillin, 4-propenylsyringol, and syringaldehyde were also detected. The highest total monoaromatic percentage composition of 64.45% was found in the acetic acid/methanol mixture. Acid/alcohol mixtures in general had higher monoaromatic percentage compositions compared to acid-only solutions due to the stabilization effect of alcohols on reactive fragments, acid-only experiments had low yields of 7.64% in formic acid and 11.18% in acetic acid. The study demonstrated that both the acid and the alcohol in the mixture determined the monoaromatic compounds detected in the bio-oil. Gravimetrically, ∼10% w/w of bio-oil, ∼12% w/w hemicelluloses derivatives, ∼20% w/w lignin derivatives, and ∼25% w/w cellulosic derivatives were collected after liquefaction. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-06517e1ca21545ce95c088d035e794be |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1751-8253 1751-7192 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
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| series | Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews |
| spelling | doaj-art-06517e1ca21545ce95c088d035e794be2025-08-20T03:56:18ZengTaylor & Francis GroupGreen Chemistry Letters and Reviews1751-82531751-71922025-12-0118110.1080/17518253.2025.2539736Sustainable microwave-assisted liquefaction of sugarcane bagasse into aromatic monomers using green acid/alcohol solutionsEmmanuel Mkumbuzi0Werner E. van Zyl1School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South AfricaSchool of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South AfricaSustainable development depends on the efficient processing of biomass into valuable chemicals, fuels, and materials. Herein, we report the facile and efficient microwave-assisted liquefaction of sugarcane bagasse (SB) under mild conditions using environmentally friendly acid/alcohol mixtures for 20 minutes at 160 °C. The main monoaromatic products detected in the ethyl acetate extracted bio-oils as characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were investigated, and a variety of carbonyls, esters, carboxylic acids, and unsaturated compounds were detected. Overall, 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (DHBF) had the greatest percentage composition of 33.7% in a formic acid/methanol mixture. Methyl p-coumarate, 3’-methoxyacetophenone, dioctyl phthalate, vanillin, 4-propenylsyringol, and syringaldehyde were also detected. The highest total monoaromatic percentage composition of 64.45% was found in the acetic acid/methanol mixture. Acid/alcohol mixtures in general had higher monoaromatic percentage compositions compared to acid-only solutions due to the stabilization effect of alcohols on reactive fragments, acid-only experiments had low yields of 7.64% in formic acid and 11.18% in acetic acid. The study demonstrated that both the acid and the alcohol in the mixture determined the monoaromatic compounds detected in the bio-oil. Gravimetrically, ∼10% w/w of bio-oil, ∼12% w/w hemicelluloses derivatives, ∼20% w/w lignin derivatives, and ∼25% w/w cellulosic derivatives were collected after liquefaction.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/17518253.2025.2539736Sugarcane bagasseliquefactionmicrowave-assistedaromatic monomersacid/alcohol |
| spellingShingle | Emmanuel Mkumbuzi Werner E. van Zyl Sustainable microwave-assisted liquefaction of sugarcane bagasse into aromatic monomers using green acid/alcohol solutions Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews Sugarcane bagasse liquefaction microwave-assisted aromatic monomers acid/alcohol |
| title | Sustainable microwave-assisted liquefaction of sugarcane bagasse into aromatic monomers using green acid/alcohol solutions |
| title_full | Sustainable microwave-assisted liquefaction of sugarcane bagasse into aromatic monomers using green acid/alcohol solutions |
| title_fullStr | Sustainable microwave-assisted liquefaction of sugarcane bagasse into aromatic monomers using green acid/alcohol solutions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sustainable microwave-assisted liquefaction of sugarcane bagasse into aromatic monomers using green acid/alcohol solutions |
| title_short | Sustainable microwave-assisted liquefaction of sugarcane bagasse into aromatic monomers using green acid/alcohol solutions |
| title_sort | sustainable microwave assisted liquefaction of sugarcane bagasse into aromatic monomers using green acid alcohol solutions |
| topic | Sugarcane bagasse liquefaction microwave-assisted aromatic monomers acid/alcohol |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/17518253.2025.2539736 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT emmanuelmkumbuzi sustainablemicrowaveassistedliquefactionofsugarcanebagasseintoaromaticmonomersusinggreenacidalcoholsolutions AT wernerevanzyl sustainablemicrowaveassistedliquefactionofsugarcanebagasseintoaromaticmonomersusinggreenacidalcoholsolutions |