Modification of surface and subsurface properties of cold-rolled Ti6Al4V sheets through water jet shot peening
Titanium alloys possess remarkable properties, such as high strength, biocompatibility, and resistance to corrosion. Nonetheless, both their surface and subsurface properties require improvements, particularly for applications where surface contact is unavoidable. The present study utilises an emerg...
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| Format: | Article |
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IOP Publishing
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Materials Research Express |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ada520 |
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| author | Egemen Avcu Mustafa Armağan Yasemin Yıldıran Avcu Eray Abakay Emirhan Çalım Funda Gül Koç Mert Guney Rıdvan Yamanoğlu |
| author_facet | Egemen Avcu Mustafa Armağan Yasemin Yıldıran Avcu Eray Abakay Emirhan Çalım Funda Gül Koç Mert Guney Rıdvan Yamanoğlu |
| author_sort | Egemen Avcu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Titanium alloys possess remarkable properties, such as high strength, biocompatibility, and resistance to corrosion. Nonetheless, both their surface and subsurface properties require improvements, particularly for applications where surface contact is unavoidable. The present study utilises an emerging mechanical surface treatment technique (water jet shot peening) for modifying the surface and subsurface characteristics of cold-rolled Ti6Al4V sheets. Water jet shot peening was applied on Ti6Al4V samples following an L18 full factorial experimental design, focusing on the variable parameters of process time, standoff distance, and shot mass flow rate. ANOVA indicated that the shot mass flow rate had the greatest impact on the roughness parameters (p < 0.0001). The roughness values of Ra, Rp, and Rv decreased as the shot’s mass flow rate increased, and this decrease was more pronounced as the standoff distance diminished. The surface morphologies of the samples were notably modified by plastic deformation resulting from the repeated impact of shots. The water jet shot peening method modified the grains within the microstructure near the surface region. The grains in the microstructure were oriented perpendicularly to the peening direction to a depth of 5.36 μm beneath the surface, even at minimal peening levels. The surface hardness increased by approximately 64% relative to the hardness of untreated Ti6Al4V alloy (512.43 Hv versus 311.52 Hv), attributed to significant plastic deformation and strain hardening induced by the high kinetic energy of the impacting shots during water jet peening. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0640e0394ca343c7b44b7638755c5ce4 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2053-1591 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials Research Express |
| spelling | doaj-art-0640e0394ca343c7b44b7638755c5ce42025-01-10T12:29:09ZengIOP PublishingMaterials Research Express2053-15912025-01-0112101650310.1088/2053-1591/ada520Modification of surface and subsurface properties of cold-rolled Ti6Al4V sheets through water jet shot peeningEgemen Avcu0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3244-1316Mustafa Armağan1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0429-0351Yasemin Yıldıran Avcu2Eray Abakay3Emirhan Çalım4Funda Gül Koç5Mert Guney6Rıdvan Yamanoğlu7Machine and Metal Technologies, Ford Otosan Ihsaniye Automotive Vocational School, Kocaeli University , Kocaeli, 41650, Turkiye; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Kocaeli University , Kocaeli, 41380, TurkiyeDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medeniyet University , Istanbul, 34700, TurkiyeDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Kocaeli University , Kocaeli, 41380, TurkiyeDepartment of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Sakarya University , Sakarya, 54050, TurkiyeDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Kocaeli University , Kocaeli, 41380, Turkiye; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Piri Reis University , Istanbul, 34940, TurkiyeDepartment of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Kocaeli University , Kocaeli, 41380, TurkiyeThe Environment and Resource Efficiency Cluster (EREC), Nazarbayev University , Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nazarbayev University , Astana, 010000, KazakhstanDepartment of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Kocaeli University , Kocaeli, 41380, TurkiyeTitanium alloys possess remarkable properties, such as high strength, biocompatibility, and resistance to corrosion. Nonetheless, both their surface and subsurface properties require improvements, particularly for applications where surface contact is unavoidable. The present study utilises an emerging mechanical surface treatment technique (water jet shot peening) for modifying the surface and subsurface characteristics of cold-rolled Ti6Al4V sheets. Water jet shot peening was applied on Ti6Al4V samples following an L18 full factorial experimental design, focusing on the variable parameters of process time, standoff distance, and shot mass flow rate. ANOVA indicated that the shot mass flow rate had the greatest impact on the roughness parameters (p < 0.0001). The roughness values of Ra, Rp, and Rv decreased as the shot’s mass flow rate increased, and this decrease was more pronounced as the standoff distance diminished. The surface morphologies of the samples were notably modified by plastic deformation resulting from the repeated impact of shots. The water jet shot peening method modified the grains within the microstructure near the surface region. The grains in the microstructure were oriented perpendicularly to the peening direction to a depth of 5.36 μm beneath the surface, even at minimal peening levels. The surface hardness increased by approximately 64% relative to the hardness of untreated Ti6Al4V alloy (512.43 Hv versus 311.52 Hv), attributed to significant plastic deformation and strain hardening induced by the high kinetic energy of the impacting shots during water jet peening.https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ada520strain hardeningdeformationANOVAtitanium alloystribological behavioursurface modification |
| spellingShingle | Egemen Avcu Mustafa Armağan Yasemin Yıldıran Avcu Eray Abakay Emirhan Çalım Funda Gül Koç Mert Guney Rıdvan Yamanoğlu Modification of surface and subsurface properties of cold-rolled Ti6Al4V sheets through water jet shot peening Materials Research Express strain hardening deformation ANOVA titanium alloys tribological behaviour surface modification |
| title | Modification of surface and subsurface properties of cold-rolled Ti6Al4V sheets through water jet shot peening |
| title_full | Modification of surface and subsurface properties of cold-rolled Ti6Al4V sheets through water jet shot peening |
| title_fullStr | Modification of surface and subsurface properties of cold-rolled Ti6Al4V sheets through water jet shot peening |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modification of surface and subsurface properties of cold-rolled Ti6Al4V sheets through water jet shot peening |
| title_short | Modification of surface and subsurface properties of cold-rolled Ti6Al4V sheets through water jet shot peening |
| title_sort | modification of surface and subsurface properties of cold rolled ti6al4v sheets through water jet shot peening |
| topic | strain hardening deformation ANOVA titanium alloys tribological behaviour surface modification |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ada520 |
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