Chemical Constituents, Antioxidant Activities, and Element Concentrations of Rusa Deer Velvet Antler Extracts
The objective of this study was to analyze hexane extract (HE), 75% v/v ethanol extract (EE), and water extract (WE) of rusa deer velvet antlers, obtained through a three-solvent sequential extraction, for determining their chemical constituents, antioxidant activities, element concentrations, and m...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Chemistry |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3287347 |
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| author | Chutima Limmatvapirat Potcharet Rodhetbhai Krittaphas Somsakraksanti Pitcha Danpongprasert Soranun Poonsub Wantanwa Krongrawa Sontaya Limmatvapirat Maneerat Meepan |
| author_facet | Chutima Limmatvapirat Potcharet Rodhetbhai Krittaphas Somsakraksanti Pitcha Danpongprasert Soranun Poonsub Wantanwa Krongrawa Sontaya Limmatvapirat Maneerat Meepan |
| author_sort | Chutima Limmatvapirat |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The objective of this study was to analyze hexane extract (HE), 75% v/v ethanol extract (EE), and water extract (WE) of rusa deer velvet antlers, obtained through a three-solvent sequential extraction, for determining their chemical constituents, antioxidant activities, element concentrations, and microbial contamination. In TLC, FTIR, 1H NMR, and HPLC analysis, HE and EE showed the presence of oleic acid, linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, and testosterone. EE showed the highest concentration of testosterone and the strongest antioxidant activity in DPPH and FRAP assays. In addition, the concentration of testosterone in EE was higher than in sika deer and red deer velvet antler extracts found in other studies. All extracts were composed of essential elements and had levels of toxic elements and microbial contaminants lower than the acceptable criteria set by ASEAN guidelines. Thus, EE was considered to be a safe and useful source of antioxidants and testosterone. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-063bb9e50ed64555abf3882649074ea2 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2090-9063 2090-9071 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj-art-063bb9e50ed64555abf3882649074ea22025-02-03T01:05:15ZengWileyJournal of Chemistry2090-90632090-90712020-01-01202010.1155/2020/32873473287347Chemical Constituents, Antioxidant Activities, and Element Concentrations of Rusa Deer Velvet Antler ExtractsChutima Limmatvapirat0Potcharet Rodhetbhai1Krittaphas Somsakraksanti2Pitcha Danpongprasert3Soranun Poonsub4Wantanwa Krongrawa5Sontaya Limmatvapirat6Maneerat Meepan7Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, ThailandDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, ThailandDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, ThailandDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, ThailandDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, ThailandDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, ThailandDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, ThailandSiam Ostrich Co. Ltd., 361 Soi Inthamara 41, Sutthisarn Road, Din Daeng, Bangkok 10400, ThailandThe objective of this study was to analyze hexane extract (HE), 75% v/v ethanol extract (EE), and water extract (WE) of rusa deer velvet antlers, obtained through a three-solvent sequential extraction, for determining their chemical constituents, antioxidant activities, element concentrations, and microbial contamination. In TLC, FTIR, 1H NMR, and HPLC analysis, HE and EE showed the presence of oleic acid, linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, and testosterone. EE showed the highest concentration of testosterone and the strongest antioxidant activity in DPPH and FRAP assays. In addition, the concentration of testosterone in EE was higher than in sika deer and red deer velvet antler extracts found in other studies. All extracts were composed of essential elements and had levels of toxic elements and microbial contaminants lower than the acceptable criteria set by ASEAN guidelines. Thus, EE was considered to be a safe and useful source of antioxidants and testosterone.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3287347 |
| spellingShingle | Chutima Limmatvapirat Potcharet Rodhetbhai Krittaphas Somsakraksanti Pitcha Danpongprasert Soranun Poonsub Wantanwa Krongrawa Sontaya Limmatvapirat Maneerat Meepan Chemical Constituents, Antioxidant Activities, and Element Concentrations of Rusa Deer Velvet Antler Extracts Journal of Chemistry |
| title | Chemical Constituents, Antioxidant Activities, and Element Concentrations of Rusa Deer Velvet Antler Extracts |
| title_full | Chemical Constituents, Antioxidant Activities, and Element Concentrations of Rusa Deer Velvet Antler Extracts |
| title_fullStr | Chemical Constituents, Antioxidant Activities, and Element Concentrations of Rusa Deer Velvet Antler Extracts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chemical Constituents, Antioxidant Activities, and Element Concentrations of Rusa Deer Velvet Antler Extracts |
| title_short | Chemical Constituents, Antioxidant Activities, and Element Concentrations of Rusa Deer Velvet Antler Extracts |
| title_sort | chemical constituents antioxidant activities and element concentrations of rusa deer velvet antler extracts |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3287347 |
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