Advances in HVDC Systems: Aspects, Principles, and a Comprehensive Review of Signal Processing Techniques for Fault Detection
This paper presents a comprehensive review of High-Voltage Direct-Current (HVDC) systems, focusing on their technological evolution, fault characteristics, and advanced signal processing techniques for fault detection. The paper traces the development of HVDC links globally, highlighting the transit...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/12/3106 |
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| author | Leyla Zafari Yuan Liu Abhisek Ukil Nirmal-Kumar C. Nair |
| author_facet | Leyla Zafari Yuan Liu Abhisek Ukil Nirmal-Kumar C. Nair |
| author_sort | Leyla Zafari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper presents a comprehensive review of High-Voltage Direct-Current (HVDC) systems, focusing on their technological evolution, fault characteristics, and advanced signal processing techniques for fault detection. The paper traces the development of HVDC links globally, highlighting the transition from mercury-arc valves to Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT)-based converters and showcasing operational projects in technologically advanced countries. A detailed comparison of converter technologies including line-commutated converters (LCCs), Voltage-Source Converters (VSCs), and Modular Multilevel Converters (MMCs) and pole configurations (monopolar, bipolar, homopolar, and MMC) is provided. The paper categorizes HVDC faults into AC, converter, and DC types, focusing on their primary locations and fault characteristics. Signal processing methods, including time-domain, frequency-domain, and time–frequency-domain approaches, are systematically compared, supported by relevant case studies. The review identifies critical research gaps in enhancing the reliability of fault detection, classification, and protection under diverse fault conditions, offering insights into future advancements in HVDC system resilience. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-063b96efd2c04ba4ade0792fdddd92a7 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj-art-063b96efd2c04ba4ade0792fdddd92a72025-08-20T03:24:37ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-06-011812310610.3390/en18123106Advances in HVDC Systems: Aspects, Principles, and a Comprehensive Review of Signal Processing Techniques for Fault DetectionLeyla Zafari0Yuan Liu1Abhisek Ukil2Nirmal-Kumar C. Nair3Department of Electrical, Computer, and Software Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New ZealandDepartment of Electrical, Computer, and Software Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New ZealandDepartment of Electrical, Computer, and Software Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New ZealandDepartment of Electrical, Computer, and Software Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New ZealandThis paper presents a comprehensive review of High-Voltage Direct-Current (HVDC) systems, focusing on their technological evolution, fault characteristics, and advanced signal processing techniques for fault detection. The paper traces the development of HVDC links globally, highlighting the transition from mercury-arc valves to Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT)-based converters and showcasing operational projects in technologically advanced countries. A detailed comparison of converter technologies including line-commutated converters (LCCs), Voltage-Source Converters (VSCs), and Modular Multilevel Converters (MMCs) and pole configurations (monopolar, bipolar, homopolar, and MMC) is provided. The paper categorizes HVDC faults into AC, converter, and DC types, focusing on their primary locations and fault characteristics. Signal processing methods, including time-domain, frequency-domain, and time–frequency-domain approaches, are systematically compared, supported by relevant case studies. The review identifies critical research gaps in enhancing the reliability of fault detection, classification, and protection under diverse fault conditions, offering insights into future advancements in HVDC system resilience.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/12/3106HVDC systemsfault detectionsignal processingconverter technologiesdetection schemesfuture trends |
| spellingShingle | Leyla Zafari Yuan Liu Abhisek Ukil Nirmal-Kumar C. Nair Advances in HVDC Systems: Aspects, Principles, and a Comprehensive Review of Signal Processing Techniques for Fault Detection Energies HVDC systems fault detection signal processing converter technologies detection schemes future trends |
| title | Advances in HVDC Systems: Aspects, Principles, and a Comprehensive Review of Signal Processing Techniques for Fault Detection |
| title_full | Advances in HVDC Systems: Aspects, Principles, and a Comprehensive Review of Signal Processing Techniques for Fault Detection |
| title_fullStr | Advances in HVDC Systems: Aspects, Principles, and a Comprehensive Review of Signal Processing Techniques for Fault Detection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advances in HVDC Systems: Aspects, Principles, and a Comprehensive Review of Signal Processing Techniques for Fault Detection |
| title_short | Advances in HVDC Systems: Aspects, Principles, and a Comprehensive Review of Signal Processing Techniques for Fault Detection |
| title_sort | advances in hvdc systems aspects principles and a comprehensive review of signal processing techniques for fault detection |
| topic | HVDC systems fault detection signal processing converter technologies detection schemes future trends |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/12/3106 |
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