Harnessing mRNA vaccines for viral diseases: bottleneck and breakthrough

Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines represent a novel category of vaccinations with significant potential for the future. Recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of mRNA vaccines in combating various viral infections and cancer, particularly in cases where traditional vaccine platforms may not...

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Main Authors: Vijay Mishra, Abhigyan Ranjan, Yachana Mishra
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Open Exploration Publishing Inc. 2025-08-01
Series:Exploration of Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A1003212/1003212.pdf
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author Vijay Mishra
Abhigyan Ranjan
Yachana Mishra
author_facet Vijay Mishra
Abhigyan Ranjan
Yachana Mishra
author_sort Vijay Mishra
collection DOAJ
description Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines represent a novel category of vaccinations with significant potential for the future. Recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of mRNA vaccines in combating various viral infections and cancer, particularly in cases where traditional vaccine platforms may not produce protective immune responses. In particular, mRNA vaccines have gained attention due to their quick development, scalable manufacturing, and ability to elicit strong immune responses. This review elucidates the synthesis of mRNA and mRNA vaccines, their mechanisms of action, and the strategies to enhance their delivery and address their advantages and limitations for viral disease. Many delivery strategies have been investigated in recent years, concentrating on nanoparticle-mediated mRNA vaccine delivery. The delivery mechanism is crucial for improving mRNA vaccine stability, biocompatibility, and targeting specific cells and tissues. By preventing mRNA degradation and increasing cellular uptake, nanocarriers significantly contribute to the stability and immunogenicity of mRNA vaccines. Nanoformulation functions not only as a carrier but also as a compartment that safeguards the mRNA from biological, chemical, and physical processes that may compromise its safety and efficacy. Despite these advances, challenges such as long-term safety and innate immune activation remain. Eventually, this review concentrated on future considerations necessary for the more efficient and safer deployment of mRNA, emphasizing the merits and drawbacks of the existing viral disease mRNA vaccines, with an eye toward future innovations and clinical applications.
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spelling doaj-art-062d6dc09987424a8feb75cb9daaebbf2025-08-22T08:08:16ZengOpen Exploration Publishing Inc.Exploration of Immunology2768-66552025-08-015100321210.37349/ei.2025.1003212Harnessing mRNA vaccines for viral diseases: bottleneck and breakthroughVijay Mishra0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6542-2464Abhigyan Ranjan1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1969-6445Yachana Mishra2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3467-0518School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, IndiaSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, IndiaSchool of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, IndiaMessenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines represent a novel category of vaccinations with significant potential for the future. Recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of mRNA vaccines in combating various viral infections and cancer, particularly in cases where traditional vaccine platforms may not produce protective immune responses. In particular, mRNA vaccines have gained attention due to their quick development, scalable manufacturing, and ability to elicit strong immune responses. This review elucidates the synthesis of mRNA and mRNA vaccines, their mechanisms of action, and the strategies to enhance their delivery and address their advantages and limitations for viral disease. Many delivery strategies have been investigated in recent years, concentrating on nanoparticle-mediated mRNA vaccine delivery. The delivery mechanism is crucial for improving mRNA vaccine stability, biocompatibility, and targeting specific cells and tissues. By preventing mRNA degradation and increasing cellular uptake, nanocarriers significantly contribute to the stability and immunogenicity of mRNA vaccines. Nanoformulation functions not only as a carrier but also as a compartment that safeguards the mRNA from biological, chemical, and physical processes that may compromise its safety and efficacy. Despite these advances, challenges such as long-term safety and innate immune activation remain. Eventually, this review concentrated on future considerations necessary for the more efficient and safer deployment of mRNA, emphasizing the merits and drawbacks of the existing viral disease mRNA vaccines, with an eye toward future innovations and clinical applications.https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A1003212/1003212.pdfviral diseasemrna vaccinedeliverynanocarriers
spellingShingle Vijay Mishra
Abhigyan Ranjan
Yachana Mishra
Harnessing mRNA vaccines for viral diseases: bottleneck and breakthrough
Exploration of Immunology
viral disease
mrna vaccine
delivery
nanocarriers
title Harnessing mRNA vaccines for viral diseases: bottleneck and breakthrough
title_full Harnessing mRNA vaccines for viral diseases: bottleneck and breakthrough
title_fullStr Harnessing mRNA vaccines for viral diseases: bottleneck and breakthrough
title_full_unstemmed Harnessing mRNA vaccines for viral diseases: bottleneck and breakthrough
title_short Harnessing mRNA vaccines for viral diseases: bottleneck and breakthrough
title_sort harnessing mrna vaccines for viral diseases bottleneck and breakthrough
topic viral disease
mrna vaccine
delivery
nanocarriers
url https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A1003212/1003212.pdf
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