Microglia-mediated inflammation and synaptic pruning contribute to sleep deprivation-induced mania in a sex-specific manner

Abstract Sleep loss is a key trigger for a manic episode of bipolar disorder (BD), but the underlying microglial and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Sleep loss induces microglial and inflammatory responses. Microglia, resident macrophages in the central nervous system, regulate synaptic pruning...

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Main Authors: Rong-Jun Ni, Wei-Jun Yuan, Yi-Yan Wang, Xiao Yang, Jin-Xue Wei, Lian-Sheng Zhao, Qiang Wang, Xiang-Dong Tang, Xiao-Hong Ma
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Publishing Group 2025-08-01
Series:Translational Psychiatry
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-025-03525-x
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author Rong-Jun Ni
Wei-Jun Yuan
Yi-Yan Wang
Xiao Yang
Jin-Xue Wei
Lian-Sheng Zhao
Qiang Wang
Xiang-Dong Tang
Xiao-Hong Ma
author_facet Rong-Jun Ni
Wei-Jun Yuan
Yi-Yan Wang
Xiao Yang
Jin-Xue Wei
Lian-Sheng Zhao
Qiang Wang
Xiang-Dong Tang
Xiao-Hong Ma
author_sort Rong-Jun Ni
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Sleep loss is a key trigger for a manic episode of bipolar disorder (BD), but the underlying microglial and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Sleep loss induces microglial and inflammatory responses. Microglia, resident macrophages in the central nervous system, regulate synaptic pruning by engulfing dendritic spines. Here, we introduce a modified paradoxical sleep deprivation (SD) paradigm as a BD mouse model. After intermittent 16-h daily SD for 4 days, the mice showed mania-like behavior, reduced cytokine/chemokine production, mitochondrial damage, microglial loss, decreased synaptic engulfment by microglia, and synaptic gain. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) revealed cell-type-specific inflammation- and synapse-related gene expression profiles in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus of SD-treated male mice. Interestingly, much more differentially expressed genes were observed in SD-treated female versus male mouse brain, especially in the PFC. Pharmacological depletion of microglia by colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitor PLX3397 blocked SD-induced inflammation-related and senescence-associated abnormalities in a sex-specific manner. Microglial elimination reversed SD-induced synapse gain and mania-like behavior in males but not in females. However, microglial inhibition by minocycline had no effect on SD-induced behaviors in a sex-independent manner. These findings demonstrate that microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and synaptic pruning contribute to SD-induced mania-like behavior in a mouse model of BD in a sex-specific manner.
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spelling doaj-art-0625f08b15734e34a720a1dbc2e986ba2025-08-20T03:46:54ZengNature Publishing GroupTranslational Psychiatry2158-31882025-08-0115111410.1038/s41398-025-03525-xMicroglia-mediated inflammation and synaptic pruning contribute to sleep deprivation-induced mania in a sex-specific mannerRong-Jun Ni0Wei-Jun Yuan1Yi-Yan Wang2Xiao Yang3Jin-Xue Wei4Lian-Sheng Zhao5Qiang Wang6Xiang-Dong Tang7Xiao-Hong Ma8Mental Health Center and Institute of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityMental Health Center and Institute of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityMental Health Center and Institute of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityMental Health Center and Institute of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityMental Health Center and Institute of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityMental Health Center and Institute of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityMental Health Center and Institute of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityMental Health Center and Institute of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityMental Health Center and Institute of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityAbstract Sleep loss is a key trigger for a manic episode of bipolar disorder (BD), but the underlying microglial and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Sleep loss induces microglial and inflammatory responses. Microglia, resident macrophages in the central nervous system, regulate synaptic pruning by engulfing dendritic spines. Here, we introduce a modified paradoxical sleep deprivation (SD) paradigm as a BD mouse model. After intermittent 16-h daily SD for 4 days, the mice showed mania-like behavior, reduced cytokine/chemokine production, mitochondrial damage, microglial loss, decreased synaptic engulfment by microglia, and synaptic gain. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) revealed cell-type-specific inflammation- and synapse-related gene expression profiles in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus of SD-treated male mice. Interestingly, much more differentially expressed genes were observed in SD-treated female versus male mouse brain, especially in the PFC. Pharmacological depletion of microglia by colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitor PLX3397 blocked SD-induced inflammation-related and senescence-associated abnormalities in a sex-specific manner. Microglial elimination reversed SD-induced synapse gain and mania-like behavior in males but not in females. However, microglial inhibition by minocycline had no effect on SD-induced behaviors in a sex-independent manner. These findings demonstrate that microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and synaptic pruning contribute to SD-induced mania-like behavior in a mouse model of BD in a sex-specific manner.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-025-03525-x
spellingShingle Rong-Jun Ni
Wei-Jun Yuan
Yi-Yan Wang
Xiao Yang
Jin-Xue Wei
Lian-Sheng Zhao
Qiang Wang
Xiang-Dong Tang
Xiao-Hong Ma
Microglia-mediated inflammation and synaptic pruning contribute to sleep deprivation-induced mania in a sex-specific manner
Translational Psychiatry
title Microglia-mediated inflammation and synaptic pruning contribute to sleep deprivation-induced mania in a sex-specific manner
title_full Microglia-mediated inflammation and synaptic pruning contribute to sleep deprivation-induced mania in a sex-specific manner
title_fullStr Microglia-mediated inflammation and synaptic pruning contribute to sleep deprivation-induced mania in a sex-specific manner
title_full_unstemmed Microglia-mediated inflammation and synaptic pruning contribute to sleep deprivation-induced mania in a sex-specific manner
title_short Microglia-mediated inflammation and synaptic pruning contribute to sleep deprivation-induced mania in a sex-specific manner
title_sort microglia mediated inflammation and synaptic pruning contribute to sleep deprivation induced mania in a sex specific manner
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-025-03525-x
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