The prevalence of all types of diabetes and pre‑diabetes in the Eastern Mediterranean countries: a meta‑analysis study

Abstract Background and aim Given the high prevalence, incidence, and impact on Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) associated with diabetes, coupled with the limited availability of meta-analysis studies examining its prevalence in the Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (EMRO) countries, the...

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Main Authors: Asra Moradkhani, Mobin Azami, Pardis Mohammadzadeh, Hamid Reza Baradaran, Lotfolah Saed, Kianush Asvad, Rojina Kakaei, Sorour Khateri, Farhad Moradpour, Yousef Moradi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Endocrine Disorders
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-025-01959-4
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author Asra Moradkhani
Mobin Azami
Pardis Mohammadzadeh
Hamid Reza Baradaran
Lotfolah Saed
Kianush Asvad
Rojina Kakaei
Sorour Khateri
Farhad Moradpour
Yousef Moradi
author_facet Asra Moradkhani
Mobin Azami
Pardis Mohammadzadeh
Hamid Reza Baradaran
Lotfolah Saed
Kianush Asvad
Rojina Kakaei
Sorour Khateri
Farhad Moradpour
Yousef Moradi
author_sort Asra Moradkhani
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background and aim Given the high prevalence, incidence, and impact on Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) associated with diabetes, coupled with the limited availability of meta-analysis studies examining its prevalence in the Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (EMRO) countries, the main objective of this study was to investigate the combined prevalence of type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), gestational diabetes, and pre-diabetes within the Eastern Mediterranean region. Methods To implement a comprehensive search strategy aligned with the objectives of this meta-analysis, searches were conducted across international databases, including PubMed (Medline), Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINHAL) from January 1967 to December 2022. The quality of the selected studies was assessed using the JBI critical appraisal checklist for analytical cross-sectional studies. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on factors such as gender, country, geographic area, criteria for diagnosis, and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) level. Results Out of 5,238 primary studies initially screened, 186 articles were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of diabetes was found to be 15% (95% CI: 13 – 16%), of which 6% (95% CI: 4 – 7%) represented undiagnosed cases, while 8% (95% CI: 7 – 10%) were known cases. The prevalence of T2DM was 13% (95% CI: 11 – 16%), while T1DM was found to have a prevalence of 1% (95% CI: 1 – 2%). Pre-diabetes had a pooled prevalence of 15% (95% CI: 13 – 18%), with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and impaired fasting glycemia (IFG) representing 9% (95% CI: 7 – 11%) and 8% (95% CI: 6 – 11%) of cases, respectively. The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was found to be 11% (95% CI: 9 – 14%) in the EMRO. Conclusion The findings emphasize the need for enhanced healthcare programs, including early screening, effective management, and lifestyle interventions such as healthy eating and physical activity. The analysis also highlights the importance of considering socioeconomic factors like urbanization, diet changes, and healthcare access when developing diabetes prevention and management strategies. The results call for policymakers and healthcare providers to collaborate in addressing the growing public health burden of diabetes in the region.
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spelling doaj-art-061a7fa15c944bd98b5903e54240cd4e2025-08-20T03:05:09ZengBMCBMC Endocrine Disorders1472-68232025-07-0125111510.1186/s12902-025-01959-4The prevalence of all types of diabetes and pre‑diabetes in the Eastern Mediterranean countries: a meta‑analysis studyAsra Moradkhani0Mobin Azami1Pardis Mohammadzadeh2Hamid Reza Baradaran3Lotfolah Saed4Kianush Asvad5Rojina Kakaei6Sorour Khateri7Farhad Moradpour8Yousef Moradi9Student of the Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical SciencesStudent of the Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical SciencesStudent of the Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical SciencesStudent of the Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical SciencesStudent of the Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Sina (Farshchian) Educational and Medical Center, Hamadan University of Medical SciencesSocial Determinants of the Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical SciencesSocial Determinants of the Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical SciencesAbstract Background and aim Given the high prevalence, incidence, and impact on Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) associated with diabetes, coupled with the limited availability of meta-analysis studies examining its prevalence in the Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (EMRO) countries, the main objective of this study was to investigate the combined prevalence of type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), gestational diabetes, and pre-diabetes within the Eastern Mediterranean region. Methods To implement a comprehensive search strategy aligned with the objectives of this meta-analysis, searches were conducted across international databases, including PubMed (Medline), Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINHAL) from January 1967 to December 2022. The quality of the selected studies was assessed using the JBI critical appraisal checklist for analytical cross-sectional studies. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on factors such as gender, country, geographic area, criteria for diagnosis, and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) level. Results Out of 5,238 primary studies initially screened, 186 articles were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of diabetes was found to be 15% (95% CI: 13 – 16%), of which 6% (95% CI: 4 – 7%) represented undiagnosed cases, while 8% (95% CI: 7 – 10%) were known cases. The prevalence of T2DM was 13% (95% CI: 11 – 16%), while T1DM was found to have a prevalence of 1% (95% CI: 1 – 2%). Pre-diabetes had a pooled prevalence of 15% (95% CI: 13 – 18%), with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and impaired fasting glycemia (IFG) representing 9% (95% CI: 7 – 11%) and 8% (95% CI: 6 – 11%) of cases, respectively. The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was found to be 11% (95% CI: 9 – 14%) in the EMRO. Conclusion The findings emphasize the need for enhanced healthcare programs, including early screening, effective management, and lifestyle interventions such as healthy eating and physical activity. The analysis also highlights the importance of considering socioeconomic factors like urbanization, diet changes, and healthcare access when developing diabetes prevention and management strategies. The results call for policymakers and healthcare providers to collaborate in addressing the growing public health burden of diabetes in the region.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-025-01959-4Diabetes MellitusPre-DiabetesGestational Diabetes MellitusEMROPrevalenceMeta-analysis
spellingShingle Asra Moradkhani
Mobin Azami
Pardis Mohammadzadeh
Hamid Reza Baradaran
Lotfolah Saed
Kianush Asvad
Rojina Kakaei
Sorour Khateri
Farhad Moradpour
Yousef Moradi
The prevalence of all types of diabetes and pre‑diabetes in the Eastern Mediterranean countries: a meta‑analysis study
BMC Endocrine Disorders
Diabetes Mellitus
Pre-Diabetes
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
EMRO
Prevalence
Meta-analysis
title The prevalence of all types of diabetes and pre‑diabetes in the Eastern Mediterranean countries: a meta‑analysis study
title_full The prevalence of all types of diabetes and pre‑diabetes in the Eastern Mediterranean countries: a meta‑analysis study
title_fullStr The prevalence of all types of diabetes and pre‑diabetes in the Eastern Mediterranean countries: a meta‑analysis study
title_full_unstemmed The prevalence of all types of diabetes and pre‑diabetes in the Eastern Mediterranean countries: a meta‑analysis study
title_short The prevalence of all types of diabetes and pre‑diabetes in the Eastern Mediterranean countries: a meta‑analysis study
title_sort prevalence of all types of diabetes and pre diabetes in the eastern mediterranean countries a meta analysis study
topic Diabetes Mellitus
Pre-Diabetes
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
EMRO
Prevalence
Meta-analysis
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-025-01959-4
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