A Modular Cell Balancing Circuit and Strategy Based on Bidirectional Flyback Converter

In this paper, a modular cell balancing circuit based on a bidirectional flyback converter (BFC) is designed, which is equipped with a symmetrical BFC for each cell. The primary side of all BFCs is in parallel with the battery pack, and the secondary side is connected to the individual cells. Such a...

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Main Authors: Yipei Wang, Jun-Hyeong Kwon, Seong-Cheol Choi, Guangxu Zhou, Sung-Jun Park
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Batteries
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/11/5/168
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author Yipei Wang
Jun-Hyeong Kwon
Seong-Cheol Choi
Guangxu Zhou
Sung-Jun Park
author_facet Yipei Wang
Jun-Hyeong Kwon
Seong-Cheol Choi
Guangxu Zhou
Sung-Jun Park
author_sort Yipei Wang
collection DOAJ
description In this paper, a modular cell balancing circuit based on a bidirectional flyback converter (BFC) is designed, which is equipped with a symmetrical BFC for each cell. The primary side of all BFCs is in parallel with the battery pack, and the secondary side is connected to the individual cells. Such an input-parallel output-series structure allows for bidirectional and controllable energy transfer among the cells. The control of the charging/discharging for a specific cell can be realized by adjusting the PWM signal on the primary or secondary side of the corresponding BFC. Based on this, three cell balancing strategies are proposed: maximum voltage discharge (MXVD), minimum voltage charge (MNVC), and maximum and minimum voltage balancing (MX&MNB). For MX&MNB, which is essentially a combination of MXVD and MNVC, it controls the maximum voltage cell discharging and minimum voltage cell charging simultaneously, where the energy is transferred directly between the two cells with the largest voltage difference. A cell balancing prototype is built and tested to verify the feasibility and stability of the proposed strategy. All three proposed methods can implement cell balancing simply and effectively, while the MX&MNB provides a faster speed.
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publishDate 2025-04-01
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series Batteries
spelling doaj-art-0617ce82e6d24dc39f312940a2a50b642025-08-20T03:47:48ZengMDPI AGBatteries2313-01052025-04-0111516810.3390/batteries11050168A Modular Cell Balancing Circuit and Strategy Based on Bidirectional Flyback ConverterYipei Wang0Jun-Hyeong Kwon1Seong-Cheol Choi2Guangxu Zhou3Sung-Jun Park4Institute of Automation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, ChinaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of KoreaInstitute of Automation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, ChinaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of KoreaIn this paper, a modular cell balancing circuit based on a bidirectional flyback converter (BFC) is designed, which is equipped with a symmetrical BFC for each cell. The primary side of all BFCs is in parallel with the battery pack, and the secondary side is connected to the individual cells. Such an input-parallel output-series structure allows for bidirectional and controllable energy transfer among the cells. The control of the charging/discharging for a specific cell can be realized by adjusting the PWM signal on the primary or secondary side of the corresponding BFC. Based on this, three cell balancing strategies are proposed: maximum voltage discharge (MXVD), minimum voltage charge (MNVC), and maximum and minimum voltage balancing (MX&MNB). For MX&MNB, which is essentially a combination of MXVD and MNVC, it controls the maximum voltage cell discharging and minimum voltage cell charging simultaneously, where the energy is transferred directly between the two cells with the largest voltage difference. A cell balancing prototype is built and tested to verify the feasibility and stability of the proposed strategy. All three proposed methods can implement cell balancing simply and effectively, while the MX&MNB provides a faster speed.https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/11/5/168cell balancingbidirectional flyback converter (BFC)input-parallel output-series (IPOS)modular designbubble sort
spellingShingle Yipei Wang
Jun-Hyeong Kwon
Seong-Cheol Choi
Guangxu Zhou
Sung-Jun Park
A Modular Cell Balancing Circuit and Strategy Based on Bidirectional Flyback Converter
Batteries
cell balancing
bidirectional flyback converter (BFC)
input-parallel output-series (IPOS)
modular design
bubble sort
title A Modular Cell Balancing Circuit and Strategy Based on Bidirectional Flyback Converter
title_full A Modular Cell Balancing Circuit and Strategy Based on Bidirectional Flyback Converter
title_fullStr A Modular Cell Balancing Circuit and Strategy Based on Bidirectional Flyback Converter
title_full_unstemmed A Modular Cell Balancing Circuit and Strategy Based on Bidirectional Flyback Converter
title_short A Modular Cell Balancing Circuit and Strategy Based on Bidirectional Flyback Converter
title_sort modular cell balancing circuit and strategy based on bidirectional flyback converter
topic cell balancing
bidirectional flyback converter (BFC)
input-parallel output-series (IPOS)
modular design
bubble sort
url https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/11/5/168
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