Viscoelastic N‑cadherin-like interactions maintain neural progenitor cell stemness within 3D matrices

Abstract Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) hold immense potential as therapeutic candidates for neural regeneration, and materials-based strategies have emerged as attractive options for NPC expansion. However, maintaining NPC stemness has proven challenging in vitro, due to their propensity to form ce...

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Main Authors: Michelle S. Huang, Bauer L. LeSavage, Sadegh Ghorbani, Aidan E. Gilchrist, Julien G. Roth, Carla Huerta-López, Esther A. Mozipo, Renato S. Navarro, Sarah C. Heilshorn
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-06-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60540-8
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author Michelle S. Huang
Bauer L. LeSavage
Sadegh Ghorbani
Aidan E. Gilchrist
Julien G. Roth
Carla Huerta-López
Esther A. Mozipo
Renato S. Navarro
Sarah C. Heilshorn
author_facet Michelle S. Huang
Bauer L. LeSavage
Sadegh Ghorbani
Aidan E. Gilchrist
Julien G. Roth
Carla Huerta-López
Esther A. Mozipo
Renato S. Navarro
Sarah C. Heilshorn
author_sort Michelle S. Huang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) hold immense potential as therapeutic candidates for neural regeneration, and materials-based strategies have emerged as attractive options for NPC expansion. However, maintaining NPC stemness has proven challenging in vitro, due to their propensity to form cell-dense neurospheres. While neurospheres promote cell–cell interactions required for NPC stem maintenance, they also restrict oxygen transport, leading to hypoxia and limited cell expansion. To overcome these limitations, we investigate two materials-based approaches to maintain NPC stemness: 1) physical matrix remodeling within a viscoelastic, stress-relaxing hydrogel and 2) matrix-induced N-cadherin-like signaling through a cell-instructive peptide. While viscoelasticity alone is sufficient to maintain NPC stemness compared to an elastic environment, NPCs still preferentially form neurospheres. The addition of N-cadherin-like peptides promotes a distributed culture of NPCs while maintaining their stemness through cadherin-mediated signaling, ultimately exhibiting improved long-term expansion and neural differentiation. Thus, our findings reveal matrix viscoelasticity and engineered N-cadherin-like interactions as having a synergistic effect on NPC expansion and differentiation within 3D matrices.
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spelling doaj-art-061736bd680f41d88e60ebcd050fb1b72025-08-20T03:10:34ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-06-0116111710.1038/s41467-025-60540-8Viscoelastic N‑cadherin-like interactions maintain neural progenitor cell stemness within 3D matricesMichelle S. Huang0Bauer L. LeSavage1Sadegh Ghorbani2Aidan E. Gilchrist3Julien G. Roth4Carla Huerta-López5Esther A. Mozipo6Renato S. Navarro7Sarah C. Heilshorn8Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford UniversityDepartment of Bioengineering, Stanford UniversityDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford UniversityDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, DavisInstitute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of MedicineDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford UniversityDepartment of Bioengineering, Stanford UniversityDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford UniversityDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford UniversityAbstract Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) hold immense potential as therapeutic candidates for neural regeneration, and materials-based strategies have emerged as attractive options for NPC expansion. However, maintaining NPC stemness has proven challenging in vitro, due to their propensity to form cell-dense neurospheres. While neurospheres promote cell–cell interactions required for NPC stem maintenance, they also restrict oxygen transport, leading to hypoxia and limited cell expansion. To overcome these limitations, we investigate two materials-based approaches to maintain NPC stemness: 1) physical matrix remodeling within a viscoelastic, stress-relaxing hydrogel and 2) matrix-induced N-cadherin-like signaling through a cell-instructive peptide. While viscoelasticity alone is sufficient to maintain NPC stemness compared to an elastic environment, NPCs still preferentially form neurospheres. The addition of N-cadherin-like peptides promotes a distributed culture of NPCs while maintaining their stemness through cadherin-mediated signaling, ultimately exhibiting improved long-term expansion and neural differentiation. Thus, our findings reveal matrix viscoelasticity and engineered N-cadherin-like interactions as having a synergistic effect on NPC expansion and differentiation within 3D matrices.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60540-8
spellingShingle Michelle S. Huang
Bauer L. LeSavage
Sadegh Ghorbani
Aidan E. Gilchrist
Julien G. Roth
Carla Huerta-López
Esther A. Mozipo
Renato S. Navarro
Sarah C. Heilshorn
Viscoelastic N‑cadherin-like interactions maintain neural progenitor cell stemness within 3D matrices
Nature Communications
title Viscoelastic N‑cadherin-like interactions maintain neural progenitor cell stemness within 3D matrices
title_full Viscoelastic N‑cadherin-like interactions maintain neural progenitor cell stemness within 3D matrices
title_fullStr Viscoelastic N‑cadherin-like interactions maintain neural progenitor cell stemness within 3D matrices
title_full_unstemmed Viscoelastic N‑cadherin-like interactions maintain neural progenitor cell stemness within 3D matrices
title_short Viscoelastic N‑cadherin-like interactions maintain neural progenitor cell stemness within 3D matrices
title_sort viscoelastic n cadherin like interactions maintain neural progenitor cell stemness within 3d matrices
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60540-8
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