Community readiness and acceptance for the implementation of the malaria vaccine among caretakers of at-risk children in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Malaria remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly among children under five. The introduction of the malaria vaccine presents an opportunity to reduce malaria-related deaths. However, the success of vaccination campaigns depends on com...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Eustes Kigongo, Sean Steven Puleh, Amir Kabunga, Stella Immaculate Akech, Francis Ocen, Marc Sam Opollo, Moses Ebong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:Malaria Journal
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-025-05384-9
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849767182431420416
author Eustes Kigongo
Sean Steven Puleh
Amir Kabunga
Stella Immaculate Akech
Francis Ocen
Marc Sam Opollo
Moses Ebong
author_facet Eustes Kigongo
Sean Steven Puleh
Amir Kabunga
Stella Immaculate Akech
Francis Ocen
Marc Sam Opollo
Moses Ebong
author_sort Eustes Kigongo
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Malaria remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly among children under five. The introduction of the malaria vaccine presents an opportunity to reduce malaria-related deaths. However, the success of vaccination campaigns depends on community acceptance and willingness to vaccinate. This study aimed to assess the pooled acceptance and willingness to adopt the malaria vaccine in sub-Saharan Africa, with a focus on variations across regions and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive search of databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and African Journals Online, was performed. Studies reporting on malaria vaccine acceptance and willingness among caregivers of children under five in sub-Saharan Africa were included. Data were extracted and analysed using STATA, with heterogeneity assessed through the I2 statistic. Subgroup analyses were performed based on region and pre- and post-COVID periods. Publication bias was assessed using Egger’s test. Results A total of 1611 records were identified, and 34 studies met inclusion criteria after screening. Of these, 25 studies with a combined sample of 25,867 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled acceptance rate for the malaria vaccine among caregivers of children under five in sub-Saharan Africa was 82% (95% CI: 73%–90%), while the pooled willingness rate was 80% (95% CI: 70%–90%). Subgroup analyses showed no statistically significant differences in acceptance or willingness by COVID-19 period or region, though the lowest acceptance (53%) was reported in the DRC. High heterogeneity was observed (I2 > 99%), and publication bias was indicated in the willingness outcome (Egger’s test, P = 0.002). Conclusion The findings indicate high levels of acceptance and willingness among caregivers to vaccinate children under five against malaria in sub-Saharan Africa, suggesting strong community readiness for vaccine rollout. However, the observed heterogeneity and potential publication bias highlight the need for context-specific strategies and further high-quality studies to support implementation and uptake across diverse regions. Systematic review registration The protocol has been registered with PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023480528
format Article
id doaj-art-0604d55d95b349d9be9943a03e2828ab
institution DOAJ
issn 1475-2875
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher BMC
record_format Article
series Malaria Journal
spelling doaj-art-0604d55d95b349d9be9943a03e2828ab2025-08-20T03:04:18ZengBMCMalaria Journal1475-28752025-08-0124111610.1186/s12936-025-05384-9Community readiness and acceptance for the implementation of the malaria vaccine among caretakers of at-risk children in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysisEustes Kigongo0Sean Steven Puleh1Amir Kabunga2Stella Immaculate Akech3Francis Ocen4Marc Sam Opollo5Moses Ebong6Department of Health Planning, Policy and Management, Faculty of Public Health, Lira UniversityDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Lira UniversityDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Lira UniversityDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Lira UniversityDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Lira UniversityDepartment of Community Health, Faculty of Public Health, Lira UniversityDepartment of Integrated Epidemiology, Surveillance and Public Health Emergencies, Ministry of HealthAbstract Background Malaria remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly among children under five. The introduction of the malaria vaccine presents an opportunity to reduce malaria-related deaths. However, the success of vaccination campaigns depends on community acceptance and willingness to vaccinate. This study aimed to assess the pooled acceptance and willingness to adopt the malaria vaccine in sub-Saharan Africa, with a focus on variations across regions and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive search of databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and African Journals Online, was performed. Studies reporting on malaria vaccine acceptance and willingness among caregivers of children under five in sub-Saharan Africa were included. Data were extracted and analysed using STATA, with heterogeneity assessed through the I2 statistic. Subgroup analyses were performed based on region and pre- and post-COVID periods. Publication bias was assessed using Egger’s test. Results A total of 1611 records were identified, and 34 studies met inclusion criteria after screening. Of these, 25 studies with a combined sample of 25,867 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled acceptance rate for the malaria vaccine among caregivers of children under five in sub-Saharan Africa was 82% (95% CI: 73%–90%), while the pooled willingness rate was 80% (95% CI: 70%–90%). Subgroup analyses showed no statistically significant differences in acceptance or willingness by COVID-19 period or region, though the lowest acceptance (53%) was reported in the DRC. High heterogeneity was observed (I2 > 99%), and publication bias was indicated in the willingness outcome (Egger’s test, P = 0.002). Conclusion The findings indicate high levels of acceptance and willingness among caregivers to vaccinate children under five against malaria in sub-Saharan Africa, suggesting strong community readiness for vaccine rollout. However, the observed heterogeneity and potential publication bias highlight the need for context-specific strategies and further high-quality studies to support implementation and uptake across diverse regions. Systematic review registration The protocol has been registered with PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023480528https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-025-05384-9Malaria vaccineAcceptanceWillingnessSub-Saharan AfricaCOVID-19Vaccination
spellingShingle Eustes Kigongo
Sean Steven Puleh
Amir Kabunga
Stella Immaculate Akech
Francis Ocen
Marc Sam Opollo
Moses Ebong
Community readiness and acceptance for the implementation of the malaria vaccine among caretakers of at-risk children in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Malaria Journal
Malaria vaccine
Acceptance
Willingness
Sub-Saharan Africa
COVID-19
Vaccination
title Community readiness and acceptance for the implementation of the malaria vaccine among caretakers of at-risk children in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full Community readiness and acceptance for the implementation of the malaria vaccine among caretakers of at-risk children in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_fullStr Community readiness and acceptance for the implementation of the malaria vaccine among caretakers of at-risk children in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed Community readiness and acceptance for the implementation of the malaria vaccine among caretakers of at-risk children in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_short Community readiness and acceptance for the implementation of the malaria vaccine among caretakers of at-risk children in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_sort community readiness and acceptance for the implementation of the malaria vaccine among caretakers of at risk children in sub saharan africa a systematic review and meta analysis
topic Malaria vaccine
Acceptance
Willingness
Sub-Saharan Africa
COVID-19
Vaccination
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-025-05384-9
work_keys_str_mv AT eusteskigongo communityreadinessandacceptancefortheimplementationofthemalariavaccineamongcaretakersofatriskchildreninsubsaharanafricaasystematicreviewandmetaanalysis
AT seanstevenpuleh communityreadinessandacceptancefortheimplementationofthemalariavaccineamongcaretakersofatriskchildreninsubsaharanafricaasystematicreviewandmetaanalysis
AT amirkabunga communityreadinessandacceptancefortheimplementationofthemalariavaccineamongcaretakersofatriskchildreninsubsaharanafricaasystematicreviewandmetaanalysis
AT stellaimmaculateakech communityreadinessandacceptancefortheimplementationofthemalariavaccineamongcaretakersofatriskchildreninsubsaharanafricaasystematicreviewandmetaanalysis
AT francisocen communityreadinessandacceptancefortheimplementationofthemalariavaccineamongcaretakersofatriskchildreninsubsaharanafricaasystematicreviewandmetaanalysis
AT marcsamopollo communityreadinessandacceptancefortheimplementationofthemalariavaccineamongcaretakersofatriskchildreninsubsaharanafricaasystematicreviewandmetaanalysis
AT mosesebong communityreadinessandacceptancefortheimplementationofthemalariavaccineamongcaretakersofatriskchildreninsubsaharanafricaasystematicreviewandmetaanalysis