Longitudinal study of socio-emotional cognitive processing in individuals with anorexia nervosa and the impact of autistic characteristics on neural processing

BackgroundDifficulties in socio-emotional cognitive processing are a key feature in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN); however, the underlying neural processing, particularly longitudinal, is poorly understood. Compounding difficulties is the presence of overrepresented autistic characteristics...

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Main Authors: Daniel Halls, Jenni Leppanen, Steve Williams, Kate Tchanturia
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Psychology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1583417/full
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author Daniel Halls
Daniel Halls
Jenni Leppanen
Steve Williams
Kate Tchanturia
Kate Tchanturia
Kate Tchanturia
author_facet Daniel Halls
Daniel Halls
Jenni Leppanen
Steve Williams
Kate Tchanturia
Kate Tchanturia
Kate Tchanturia
author_sort Daniel Halls
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundDifficulties in socio-emotional cognitive processing are a key feature in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN); however, the underlying neural processing, particularly longitudinal, is poorly understood. Compounding difficulties is the presence of overrepresented autistic characteristics, and it is unclear how these impact socio-emotional cognitive neural processing in individuals with AN.MethodA total of 92 participants, including 65 individuals with AN and 27 controls, took part in a longitudinal assessment at two time points, approximately 2 years apart, by undertaking socio-emotional cognitive tasks while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). A multivariate approach was used to predict autistic characteristics from generated maps from the AN group.ResultsA group-by-time interaction effect was demonstrated in several brain regions in response to tasks, with the regions with the strongest evidence being the right frontal operculum/pole. The multivariate approach revealed a wide distribution of brain regions contributing to autistic characteristics.ConclusionNeural changes over time in the right frontal operculum/pole potentially represent a compensatory mechanism for cognitive difficulties. Autistic characteristics in individuals with AN are instantiated and impact a wide distribution of neural regions, particularly during socio-emotional cognitive processing.
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spelling doaj-art-05f41dfc8fa74ad4b8de84f9b3b2eb9b2025-08-20T03:47:19ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782025-06-011610.3389/fpsyg.2025.15834171583417Longitudinal study of socio-emotional cognitive processing in individuals with anorexia nervosa and the impact of autistic characteristics on neural processingDaniel Halls0Daniel Halls1Jenni Leppanen2Steve Williams3Kate Tchanturia4Kate Tchanturia5Kate Tchanturia6Department of Psychological Medicine, King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United KingdomSir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United KingdomDepartment of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United KingdomDepartment of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United KingdomDepartment of Psychological Medicine, King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United KingdomSouth London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust National Eating Disorder Service, London, United KingdomDepartment of Psychology, Illia State University, Tbilisi, GeorgiaBackgroundDifficulties in socio-emotional cognitive processing are a key feature in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN); however, the underlying neural processing, particularly longitudinal, is poorly understood. Compounding difficulties is the presence of overrepresented autistic characteristics, and it is unclear how these impact socio-emotional cognitive neural processing in individuals with AN.MethodA total of 92 participants, including 65 individuals with AN and 27 controls, took part in a longitudinal assessment at two time points, approximately 2 years apart, by undertaking socio-emotional cognitive tasks while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). A multivariate approach was used to predict autistic characteristics from generated maps from the AN group.ResultsA group-by-time interaction effect was demonstrated in several brain regions in response to tasks, with the regions with the strongest evidence being the right frontal operculum/pole. The multivariate approach revealed a wide distribution of brain regions contributing to autistic characteristics.ConclusionNeural changes over time in the right frontal operculum/pole potentially represent a compensatory mechanism for cognitive difficulties. Autistic characteristics in individuals with AN are instantiated and impact a wide distribution of neural regions, particularly during socio-emotional cognitive processing.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1583417/fullanorexia nervosaautismsocio-emotional and cognitionlongitudinalfMRI
spellingShingle Daniel Halls
Daniel Halls
Jenni Leppanen
Steve Williams
Kate Tchanturia
Kate Tchanturia
Kate Tchanturia
Longitudinal study of socio-emotional cognitive processing in individuals with anorexia nervosa and the impact of autistic characteristics on neural processing
Frontiers in Psychology
anorexia nervosa
autism
socio-emotional and cognition
longitudinal
fMRI
title Longitudinal study of socio-emotional cognitive processing in individuals with anorexia nervosa and the impact of autistic characteristics on neural processing
title_full Longitudinal study of socio-emotional cognitive processing in individuals with anorexia nervosa and the impact of autistic characteristics on neural processing
title_fullStr Longitudinal study of socio-emotional cognitive processing in individuals with anorexia nervosa and the impact of autistic characteristics on neural processing
title_full_unstemmed Longitudinal study of socio-emotional cognitive processing in individuals with anorexia nervosa and the impact of autistic characteristics on neural processing
title_short Longitudinal study of socio-emotional cognitive processing in individuals with anorexia nervosa and the impact of autistic characteristics on neural processing
title_sort longitudinal study of socio emotional cognitive processing in individuals with anorexia nervosa and the impact of autistic characteristics on neural processing
topic anorexia nervosa
autism
socio-emotional and cognition
longitudinal
fMRI
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1583417/full
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