Water-based graphene oxide inks for inkjet-printed flexible moisture energy generators
Abstract With the need for clean sustainable energy and low-waste practices rising, battery-free technologies that run on renewable ambient energy sources are an attractive solution to these environmental concerns. Herein, Graphene oxide (GO) and GO-PEDOT: PSS water-based inks were formulated from i...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09628-1 |
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| author | Katerina Anagnostou Massimo Urban Evangelos Sotiropoulos Christos Polyzoidis Katerina Kavalieraki Kyriakos Mouratis Giulio Rosati Arben Merkoçi Konstantinos Rogdakis Emmanuel Kymakis |
| author_facet | Katerina Anagnostou Massimo Urban Evangelos Sotiropoulos Christos Polyzoidis Katerina Kavalieraki Kyriakos Mouratis Giulio Rosati Arben Merkoçi Konstantinos Rogdakis Emmanuel Kymakis |
| author_sort | Katerina Anagnostou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract With the need for clean sustainable energy and low-waste practices rising, battery-free technologies that run on renewable ambient energy sources are an attractive solution to these environmental concerns. Herein, Graphene oxide (GO) and GO-PEDOT: PSS water-based inks were formulated from inexpensive precursor materials following user-friendly, up-scalable methods. GO-based moisture-active films were deposited on flexible lightweight substrates using inkjet printing to fabricate Moisture Energy Generators (MEG), devices that convert ambient moisture energy variation into a voltage output. The performance of the fabricated MEGs was evaluated using a custom-made automated humidity chamber, yielding an average voltage output of Vo=183 (± 1.76) mV for pure GO and Vo=194 (± 0.97) mV for GO-PEDOT: PSS, in the relative humidity range of 45–95%. We support that this study may provide fertile ground for the development of low-cost energy harvesters for self-powered portable and wearable technologies, minimising the need for batteries and reducing electronic waste. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-05e5e01b47e148e18f3664147afa84dd |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-05e5e01b47e148e18f3664147afa84dd2025-08-20T04:03:01ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111310.1038/s41598-025-09628-1Water-based graphene oxide inks for inkjet-printed flexible moisture energy generatorsKaterina Anagnostou0Massimo Urban1Evangelos Sotiropoulos2Christos Polyzoidis3Katerina Kavalieraki4Kyriakos Mouratis5Giulio Rosati6Arben Merkoçi7Konstantinos Rogdakis8Emmanuel Kymakis9Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University (HMU)Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, BIST, and CSICDepartment of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University (HMU)Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University (HMU)Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University (HMU)Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University (HMU)Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, BIST, and CSICCatalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, BIST, and CSICDepartment of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University (HMU)Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University (HMU)Abstract With the need for clean sustainable energy and low-waste practices rising, battery-free technologies that run on renewable ambient energy sources are an attractive solution to these environmental concerns. Herein, Graphene oxide (GO) and GO-PEDOT: PSS water-based inks were formulated from inexpensive precursor materials following user-friendly, up-scalable methods. GO-based moisture-active films were deposited on flexible lightweight substrates using inkjet printing to fabricate Moisture Energy Generators (MEG), devices that convert ambient moisture energy variation into a voltage output. The performance of the fabricated MEGs was evaluated using a custom-made automated humidity chamber, yielding an average voltage output of Vo=183 (± 1.76) mV for pure GO and Vo=194 (± 0.97) mV for GO-PEDOT: PSS, in the relative humidity range of 45–95%. We support that this study may provide fertile ground for the development of low-cost energy harvesters for self-powered portable and wearable technologies, minimising the need for batteries and reducing electronic waste.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09628-1Moisture energy generatorsGraphene oxide2D nanomaterialsPrintable inksInkjet printingFlexible |
| spellingShingle | Katerina Anagnostou Massimo Urban Evangelos Sotiropoulos Christos Polyzoidis Katerina Kavalieraki Kyriakos Mouratis Giulio Rosati Arben Merkoçi Konstantinos Rogdakis Emmanuel Kymakis Water-based graphene oxide inks for inkjet-printed flexible moisture energy generators Scientific Reports Moisture energy generators Graphene oxide 2D nanomaterials Printable inks Inkjet printing Flexible |
| title | Water-based graphene oxide inks for inkjet-printed flexible moisture energy generators |
| title_full | Water-based graphene oxide inks for inkjet-printed flexible moisture energy generators |
| title_fullStr | Water-based graphene oxide inks for inkjet-printed flexible moisture energy generators |
| title_full_unstemmed | Water-based graphene oxide inks for inkjet-printed flexible moisture energy generators |
| title_short | Water-based graphene oxide inks for inkjet-printed flexible moisture energy generators |
| title_sort | water based graphene oxide inks for inkjet printed flexible moisture energy generators |
| topic | Moisture energy generators Graphene oxide 2D nanomaterials Printable inks Inkjet printing Flexible |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09628-1 |
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