Water-based graphene oxide inks for inkjet-printed flexible moisture energy generators

Abstract With the need for clean sustainable energy and low-waste practices rising, battery-free technologies that run on renewable ambient energy sources are an attractive solution to these environmental concerns. Herein, Graphene oxide (GO) and GO-PEDOT: PSS water-based inks were formulated from i...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Katerina Anagnostou, Massimo Urban, Evangelos Sotiropoulos, Christos Polyzoidis, Katerina Kavalieraki, Kyriakos Mouratis, Giulio Rosati, Arben Merkoçi, Konstantinos Rogdakis, Emmanuel Kymakis
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09628-1
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849234818096693248
author Katerina Anagnostou
Massimo Urban
Evangelos Sotiropoulos
Christos Polyzoidis
Katerina Kavalieraki
Kyriakos Mouratis
Giulio Rosati
Arben Merkoçi
Konstantinos Rogdakis
Emmanuel Kymakis
author_facet Katerina Anagnostou
Massimo Urban
Evangelos Sotiropoulos
Christos Polyzoidis
Katerina Kavalieraki
Kyriakos Mouratis
Giulio Rosati
Arben Merkoçi
Konstantinos Rogdakis
Emmanuel Kymakis
author_sort Katerina Anagnostou
collection DOAJ
description Abstract With the need for clean sustainable energy and low-waste practices rising, battery-free technologies that run on renewable ambient energy sources are an attractive solution to these environmental concerns. Herein, Graphene oxide (GO) and GO-PEDOT: PSS water-based inks were formulated from inexpensive precursor materials following user-friendly, up-scalable methods. GO-based moisture-active films were deposited on flexible lightweight substrates using inkjet printing to fabricate Moisture Energy Generators (MEG), devices that convert ambient moisture energy variation into a voltage output. The performance of the fabricated MEGs was evaluated using a custom-made automated humidity chamber, yielding an average voltage output of Vo=183 (± 1.76) mV for pure GO and Vo=194 (± 0.97) mV for GO-PEDOT: PSS, in the relative humidity range of 45–95%. We support that this study may provide fertile ground for the development of low-cost energy harvesters for self-powered portable and wearable technologies, minimising the need for batteries and reducing electronic waste.
format Article
id doaj-art-05e5e01b47e148e18f3664147afa84dd
institution Kabale University
issn 2045-2322
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Scientific Reports
spelling doaj-art-05e5e01b47e148e18f3664147afa84dd2025-08-20T04:03:01ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111310.1038/s41598-025-09628-1Water-based graphene oxide inks for inkjet-printed flexible moisture energy generatorsKaterina Anagnostou0Massimo Urban1Evangelos Sotiropoulos2Christos Polyzoidis3Katerina Kavalieraki4Kyriakos Mouratis5Giulio Rosati6Arben Merkoçi7Konstantinos Rogdakis8Emmanuel Kymakis9Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University (HMU)Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, BIST, and CSICDepartment of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University (HMU)Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University (HMU)Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University (HMU)Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University (HMU)Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, BIST, and CSICCatalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, BIST, and CSICDepartment of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University (HMU)Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University (HMU)Abstract With the need for clean sustainable energy and low-waste practices rising, battery-free technologies that run on renewable ambient energy sources are an attractive solution to these environmental concerns. Herein, Graphene oxide (GO) and GO-PEDOT: PSS water-based inks were formulated from inexpensive precursor materials following user-friendly, up-scalable methods. GO-based moisture-active films were deposited on flexible lightweight substrates using inkjet printing to fabricate Moisture Energy Generators (MEG), devices that convert ambient moisture energy variation into a voltage output. The performance of the fabricated MEGs was evaluated using a custom-made automated humidity chamber, yielding an average voltage output of Vo=183 (± 1.76) mV for pure GO and Vo=194 (± 0.97) mV for GO-PEDOT: PSS, in the relative humidity range of 45–95%. We support that this study may provide fertile ground for the development of low-cost energy harvesters for self-powered portable and wearable technologies, minimising the need for batteries and reducing electronic waste.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09628-1Moisture energy generatorsGraphene oxide2D nanomaterialsPrintable inksInkjet printingFlexible
spellingShingle Katerina Anagnostou
Massimo Urban
Evangelos Sotiropoulos
Christos Polyzoidis
Katerina Kavalieraki
Kyriakos Mouratis
Giulio Rosati
Arben Merkoçi
Konstantinos Rogdakis
Emmanuel Kymakis
Water-based graphene oxide inks for inkjet-printed flexible moisture energy generators
Scientific Reports
Moisture energy generators
Graphene oxide
2D nanomaterials
Printable inks
Inkjet printing
Flexible
title Water-based graphene oxide inks for inkjet-printed flexible moisture energy generators
title_full Water-based graphene oxide inks for inkjet-printed flexible moisture energy generators
title_fullStr Water-based graphene oxide inks for inkjet-printed flexible moisture energy generators
title_full_unstemmed Water-based graphene oxide inks for inkjet-printed flexible moisture energy generators
title_short Water-based graphene oxide inks for inkjet-printed flexible moisture energy generators
title_sort water based graphene oxide inks for inkjet printed flexible moisture energy generators
topic Moisture energy generators
Graphene oxide
2D nanomaterials
Printable inks
Inkjet printing
Flexible
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09628-1
work_keys_str_mv AT katerinaanagnostou waterbasedgrapheneoxideinksforinkjetprintedflexiblemoistureenergygenerators
AT massimourban waterbasedgrapheneoxideinksforinkjetprintedflexiblemoistureenergygenerators
AT evangelossotiropoulos waterbasedgrapheneoxideinksforinkjetprintedflexiblemoistureenergygenerators
AT christospolyzoidis waterbasedgrapheneoxideinksforinkjetprintedflexiblemoistureenergygenerators
AT katerinakavalieraki waterbasedgrapheneoxideinksforinkjetprintedflexiblemoistureenergygenerators
AT kyriakosmouratis waterbasedgrapheneoxideinksforinkjetprintedflexiblemoistureenergygenerators
AT giuliorosati waterbasedgrapheneoxideinksforinkjetprintedflexiblemoistureenergygenerators
AT arbenmerkoci waterbasedgrapheneoxideinksforinkjetprintedflexiblemoistureenergygenerators
AT konstantinosrogdakis waterbasedgrapheneoxideinksforinkjetprintedflexiblemoistureenergygenerators
AT emmanuelkymakis waterbasedgrapheneoxideinksforinkjetprintedflexiblemoistureenergygenerators