Process Design for Size-Controlled Flame Spray Synthesis of Li4Ti5O12 and Electrochemical Performance
Inexpensive synthesis of electroceramic materials is required for efficient energy storage. Here the design of a scalable process, flame spray pyrolysis (FSP), for synthesis of size-controlled nanomaterials is investigated focusing on understanding the role of air entrainment (AE) during their aeros...
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| Language: | English |
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Polish Academy of Sciences Committee of Chemical and Process Engineering
2017-03-01
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| Series: | Chemical and Process Engineering |
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| Online Access: | http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/cpe.2017.38.issue-1/cpe-2017-0005/cpe-2017-0005.xml?format=INT |
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| author | Waser Oliver Brenner Oliver Groehn Arto J. Pratsinis Sotiris E. |
| author_facet | Waser Oliver Brenner Oliver Groehn Arto J. Pratsinis Sotiris E. |
| author_sort | Waser Oliver |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Inexpensive synthesis of electroceramic materials is required for efficient energy storage. Here the design of a scalable process, flame spray pyrolysis (FSP), for synthesis of size-controlled nanomaterials is investigated focusing on understanding the role of air entrainment (AE) during their aerosol synthesis with emphasis on battery materials. The AE into the enclosed FSP reactor is analysed quantitatively by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and calculated temperatures are verified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Various Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) particle compositions are made and characterized by N2 adsorption, electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction while the electrochemical performance of LTO is tested at various charging rates. Increasing AE decreases recirculation in the enclosing tube leading to lower reactor temperatures and particle concentrations by air dilution as well as shorter and narrower residence time distributions. As a result, particle growth by coagulation - coalescence decreases leading to smaller primary particles that are mostly pure LTO exhibiting high C-rate performance with more than 120 mAh/g galvanostatic specific charge at 40C, outperforming commercial LTO. The effect of AE on FSP-made particle characteristics is demonstrated also in combustion synthesis of LiFePO4 and ZrO2. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-05e4fe9f7b54465e8931d080b965351f |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2300-1925 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2017-03-01 |
| publisher | Polish Academy of Sciences Committee of Chemical and Process Engineering |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Chemical and Process Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-05e4fe9f7b54465e8931d080b965351f2025-08-20T01:59:29ZengPolish Academy of Sciences Committee of Chemical and Process EngineeringChemical and Process Engineering2300-19252017-03-01381516610.1515/cpe-2017-0005cpe-2017-0005Process Design for Size-Controlled Flame Spray Synthesis of Li4Ti5O12 and Electrochemical PerformanceWaser Oliver0Brenner Oliver1Groehn Arto J.2Pratsinis Sotiris E.3Particle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, SwitzerlandParticle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, SwitzerlandDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, 80309 CO, United States of AmericaParticle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, SwitzerlandInexpensive synthesis of electroceramic materials is required for efficient energy storage. Here the design of a scalable process, flame spray pyrolysis (FSP), for synthesis of size-controlled nanomaterials is investigated focusing on understanding the role of air entrainment (AE) during their aerosol synthesis with emphasis on battery materials. The AE into the enclosed FSP reactor is analysed quantitatively by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and calculated temperatures are verified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Various Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) particle compositions are made and characterized by N2 adsorption, electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction while the electrochemical performance of LTO is tested at various charging rates. Increasing AE decreases recirculation in the enclosing tube leading to lower reactor temperatures and particle concentrations by air dilution as well as shorter and narrower residence time distributions. As a result, particle growth by coagulation - coalescence decreases leading to smaller primary particles that are mostly pure LTO exhibiting high C-rate performance with more than 120 mAh/g galvanostatic specific charge at 40C, outperforming commercial LTO. The effect of AE on FSP-made particle characteristics is demonstrated also in combustion synthesis of LiFePO4 and ZrO2.http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/cpe.2017.38.issue-1/cpe-2017-0005/cpe-2017-0005.xml?format=INTLi-ion batteryLi4Ti5O12size controlresidence time distributioncomputational fluid dynamicsflame synthesis of electroceramics |
| spellingShingle | Waser Oliver Brenner Oliver Groehn Arto J. Pratsinis Sotiris E. Process Design for Size-Controlled Flame Spray Synthesis of Li4Ti5O12 and Electrochemical Performance Chemical and Process Engineering Li-ion battery Li4Ti5O12 size control residence time distribution computational fluid dynamics flame synthesis of electroceramics |
| title | Process Design for Size-Controlled Flame Spray Synthesis of Li4Ti5O12 and Electrochemical Performance |
| title_full | Process Design for Size-Controlled Flame Spray Synthesis of Li4Ti5O12 and Electrochemical Performance |
| title_fullStr | Process Design for Size-Controlled Flame Spray Synthesis of Li4Ti5O12 and Electrochemical Performance |
| title_full_unstemmed | Process Design for Size-Controlled Flame Spray Synthesis of Li4Ti5O12 and Electrochemical Performance |
| title_short | Process Design for Size-Controlled Flame Spray Synthesis of Li4Ti5O12 and Electrochemical Performance |
| title_sort | process design for size controlled flame spray synthesis of li4ti5o12 and electrochemical performance |
| topic | Li-ion battery Li4Ti5O12 size control residence time distribution computational fluid dynamics flame synthesis of electroceramics |
| url | http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/cpe.2017.38.issue-1/cpe-2017-0005/cpe-2017-0005.xml?format=INT |
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