Unravelling the Potential of Seven Microalgae Species: Nutritional, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Properties and Application

Microalgae are a rich renewable source of a wide variety of bioactive compounds. This study focuses on seven microalgae—<i>Limnospira</i> sp., <i>Dunaliella</i> sp., <i>Lobosphaera</i> sp., <i>Nannochloropsis</i> sp., <i>Odontella</i> sp.,...

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Main Authors: Valter F. R. Martins, Ana I. Lopes, Diana Gomes, Celina Parreira, Sara M. Badenes, Luís Costa, Manuela Pintado, Alcina M. M. B. Morais, Rui M. S. C. Morais
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/12/6691
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author Valter F. R. Martins
Ana I. Lopes
Diana Gomes
Celina Parreira
Sara M. Badenes
Luís Costa
Manuela Pintado
Alcina M. M. B. Morais
Rui M. S. C. Morais
author_facet Valter F. R. Martins
Ana I. Lopes
Diana Gomes
Celina Parreira
Sara M. Badenes
Luís Costa
Manuela Pintado
Alcina M. M. B. Morais
Rui M. S. C. Morais
author_sort Valter F. R. Martins
collection DOAJ
description Microalgae are a rich renewable source of a wide variety of bioactive compounds. This study focuses on seven microalgae—<i>Limnospira</i> sp., <i>Dunaliella</i> sp., <i>Lobosphaera</i> sp., <i>Nannochloropsis</i> sp., <i>Odontella</i> sp., <i>Porphyridium</i> sp., and <i>Tetraselmis</i> sp.— analyzing their nutritional compositions and the potential bioactivity of their hydroethanolic extracts obtained via ultrasound-assisted extraction. The total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (ABTS, DPPH, and ORAC), as well as the antimicrobial activity of the extracts were determined. The protein content of the microalgae ranged from 22.9 ± 0.1 to 59.8 ± 1.6%, the fat content ranged from 5.3 ± 0.0 to 36.6 ± 0.0%, and the carbohydrates ranged from 24.0 ± 3.0 to 46.1 ± 1.0%. The highest contents of protein, fat, and carbohydrates were found in <i>Limnospira</i> sp., <i>Nannochloropsis</i> sp., and <i>Lobosphaera</i> sp., respectively. The TPC of the extracts varied between 0.53 ± 0.09 and 3.18 ± 0.53 mg GAE/100 mg DW. Antioxidant activity values ranged from 1.09 ± 0.15 and 2.85 ± 0.45 μmol TE/100 mg DW for ABTS, 0.25 ± 0.06 and 2.28 ± 0.06 μmol TE/100 mg DW for DPPH, and 2.37 ± 0.58 and 18.32 ± 1.00 μmol TE/100 mg DW for ORAC. The extract from <i>Limnospira</i> sp. exhibited the highest antioxidant activity and also showed notable antimicrobial effects. Meanwhile, the <i>Nannochloropsis</i> sp. extract demonstrated the strongest antimicrobial activity against most tested bacterial strains. Lipids were successfully extracted from <i>Nannochloropsis</i> sp. Furthermore, alginate and zein films incorporated with bioactive-rich extracts from <i>Limnospira</i> sp. and <i>Nannochloropsis</i> sp., along with the lipid-rich extract from <i>Nannochloropsis</i> sp., were developed. These films showed significant antioxidant activity and effective antimicrobial activity against <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>.
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spelling doaj-art-05e0f8e82e444ee292f5d4e5b5eb12c22025-08-20T02:24:35ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-06-011512669110.3390/app15126691Unravelling the Potential of Seven Microalgae Species: Nutritional, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Properties and ApplicationValter F. R. Martins0Ana I. Lopes1Diana Gomes2Celina Parreira3Sara M. Badenes4Luís Costa5Manuela Pintado6Alcina M. M. B. Morais7Rui M. S. C. Morais8CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, PortugalCBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, PortugalA4F—Algae for Future, Campus do Lumiar, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, Edif. E, R/C, 1649-038 Lisboa, PortugalA4F—Algae for Future, Campus do Lumiar, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, Edif. E, R/C, 1649-038 Lisboa, PortugalA4F—Algae for Future, Campus do Lumiar, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, Edif. E, R/C, 1649-038 Lisboa, PortugalA4F—Algae for Future, Campus do Lumiar, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, Edif. E, R/C, 1649-038 Lisboa, PortugalCBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, PortugalCBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, PortugalCBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, PortugalMicroalgae are a rich renewable source of a wide variety of bioactive compounds. This study focuses on seven microalgae—<i>Limnospira</i> sp., <i>Dunaliella</i> sp., <i>Lobosphaera</i> sp., <i>Nannochloropsis</i> sp., <i>Odontella</i> sp., <i>Porphyridium</i> sp., and <i>Tetraselmis</i> sp.— analyzing their nutritional compositions and the potential bioactivity of their hydroethanolic extracts obtained via ultrasound-assisted extraction. The total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (ABTS, DPPH, and ORAC), as well as the antimicrobial activity of the extracts were determined. The protein content of the microalgae ranged from 22.9 ± 0.1 to 59.8 ± 1.6%, the fat content ranged from 5.3 ± 0.0 to 36.6 ± 0.0%, and the carbohydrates ranged from 24.0 ± 3.0 to 46.1 ± 1.0%. The highest contents of protein, fat, and carbohydrates were found in <i>Limnospira</i> sp., <i>Nannochloropsis</i> sp., and <i>Lobosphaera</i> sp., respectively. The TPC of the extracts varied between 0.53 ± 0.09 and 3.18 ± 0.53 mg GAE/100 mg DW. Antioxidant activity values ranged from 1.09 ± 0.15 and 2.85 ± 0.45 μmol TE/100 mg DW for ABTS, 0.25 ± 0.06 and 2.28 ± 0.06 μmol TE/100 mg DW for DPPH, and 2.37 ± 0.58 and 18.32 ± 1.00 μmol TE/100 mg DW for ORAC. The extract from <i>Limnospira</i> sp. exhibited the highest antioxidant activity and also showed notable antimicrobial effects. Meanwhile, the <i>Nannochloropsis</i> sp. extract demonstrated the strongest antimicrobial activity against most tested bacterial strains. Lipids were successfully extracted from <i>Nannochloropsis</i> sp. Furthermore, alginate and zein films incorporated with bioactive-rich extracts from <i>Limnospira</i> sp. and <i>Nannochloropsis</i> sp., along with the lipid-rich extract from <i>Nannochloropsis</i> sp., were developed. These films showed significant antioxidant activity and effective antimicrobial activity against <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/12/6691microalgae<i>Limnospira</i><i>Arthrospira</i><i>Dunaliella</i><i>Lobosphaera</i><i>Nannochloropsis</i>
spellingShingle Valter F. R. Martins
Ana I. Lopes
Diana Gomes
Celina Parreira
Sara M. Badenes
Luís Costa
Manuela Pintado
Alcina M. M. B. Morais
Rui M. S. C. Morais
Unravelling the Potential of Seven Microalgae Species: Nutritional, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Properties and Application
Applied Sciences
microalgae
<i>Limnospira</i>
<i>Arthrospira</i>
<i>Dunaliella</i>
<i>Lobosphaera</i>
<i>Nannochloropsis</i>
title Unravelling the Potential of Seven Microalgae Species: Nutritional, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Properties and Application
title_full Unravelling the Potential of Seven Microalgae Species: Nutritional, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Properties and Application
title_fullStr Unravelling the Potential of Seven Microalgae Species: Nutritional, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Properties and Application
title_full_unstemmed Unravelling the Potential of Seven Microalgae Species: Nutritional, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Properties and Application
title_short Unravelling the Potential of Seven Microalgae Species: Nutritional, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Properties and Application
title_sort unravelling the potential of seven microalgae species nutritional antioxidant and antimicrobial properties and application
topic microalgae
<i>Limnospira</i>
<i>Arthrospira</i>
<i>Dunaliella</i>
<i>Lobosphaera</i>
<i>Nannochloropsis</i>
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/12/6691
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