Muscle Activations of the Upper Extremity and Core during Elevation and Rotational Movements in Overhead Throwing Athletes
# Background A strong body of literature has been published outlining muscle activity differences during sports performance in groups of overhead athletes. However, there are limited studies that have directly compared the muscle activity in overhead athletes with and without history of shoulder in...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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North American Sports Medicine Institute
2024-04-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.94604 |
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| _version_ | 1825196984302043136 |
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| author | Liam P Owens Omid Khaiyat Ginny Coyles |
| author_facet | Liam P Owens Omid Khaiyat Ginny Coyles |
| author_sort | Liam P Owens |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | # Background
A strong body of literature has been published outlining muscle activity differences during sports performance in groups of overhead athletes. However, there are limited studies that have directly compared the muscle activity in overhead athletes with and without history of shoulder injury during functional everyday tasks.
# Purpose
This study aimed to identify muscle activities across fourteen upper extremity and core muscles during three functional everyday movements in athletes with and without history of shoulder injury.
# Study Design
Cross-Sectional Study
# Methods
Thirty-two male overhead throwing athletes (fifteen healthy and seventeen injured) were recruited and completed three everyday functional movements of high elevation, low elevation, and rotation, using their dominant arm to move an object between two fixed positions. Electromyography (EMG) was recorded for fourteen muscles including: biceps brachii, deltoids (anterior, medial, and posterior), trapezius (upper and lower), pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, serratus anterior, infraspinatus, external obliques, and gluteus maximus (all surface electrodes) and supraspinatus (fine wire electrode). Mixed model repeated measures ANOVA and post-hoc analysis assessed mean muscle activity (%MVC) between groups and each movement phase.
# Results
Upper trapezius elicited higher mean activity in healthy athletes during both phases of the arm rotation task (p \< 0.05). No differences between groups were evident for arm elevation tasks. Qualitative analysis of muscle patterns during functional tasks reflected a temporal shift in muscle activation timings and magnitudes between athlete groups, suggesting potential compensatory mechanisms in injured athletes.
# Conclusion
Injured overhead athletes appear to utilize other upper limb and shoulder girdle muscles to compensate for lower upper trapezius activity during functional everyday tasks.
# Level of Evidence
3 |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-05ddd450aed54a6d913aeb921998792f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2159-2896 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
| publisher | North American Sports Medicine Institute |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy |
| spelling | doaj-art-05ddd450aed54a6d913aeb921998792f2025-02-11T20:27:51ZengNorth American Sports Medicine InstituteInternational Journal of Sports Physical Therapy2159-28962024-04-01194Muscle Activations of the Upper Extremity and Core during Elevation and Rotational Movements in Overhead Throwing AthletesLiam P OwensOmid KhaiyatGinny Coyles# Background A strong body of literature has been published outlining muscle activity differences during sports performance in groups of overhead athletes. However, there are limited studies that have directly compared the muscle activity in overhead athletes with and without history of shoulder injury during functional everyday tasks. # Purpose This study aimed to identify muscle activities across fourteen upper extremity and core muscles during three functional everyday movements in athletes with and without history of shoulder injury. # Study Design Cross-Sectional Study # Methods Thirty-two male overhead throwing athletes (fifteen healthy and seventeen injured) were recruited and completed three everyday functional movements of high elevation, low elevation, and rotation, using their dominant arm to move an object between two fixed positions. Electromyography (EMG) was recorded for fourteen muscles including: biceps brachii, deltoids (anterior, medial, and posterior), trapezius (upper and lower), pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, serratus anterior, infraspinatus, external obliques, and gluteus maximus (all surface electrodes) and supraspinatus (fine wire electrode). Mixed model repeated measures ANOVA and post-hoc analysis assessed mean muscle activity (%MVC) between groups and each movement phase. # Results Upper trapezius elicited higher mean activity in healthy athletes during both phases of the arm rotation task (p \< 0.05). No differences between groups were evident for arm elevation tasks. Qualitative analysis of muscle patterns during functional tasks reflected a temporal shift in muscle activation timings and magnitudes between athlete groups, suggesting potential compensatory mechanisms in injured athletes. # Conclusion Injured overhead athletes appear to utilize other upper limb and shoulder girdle muscles to compensate for lower upper trapezius activity during functional everyday tasks. # Level of Evidence 3https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.94604 |
| spellingShingle | Liam P Owens Omid Khaiyat Ginny Coyles Muscle Activations of the Upper Extremity and Core during Elevation and Rotational Movements in Overhead Throwing Athletes International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy |
| title | Muscle Activations of the Upper Extremity and Core during Elevation and Rotational Movements in Overhead Throwing Athletes |
| title_full | Muscle Activations of the Upper Extremity and Core during Elevation and Rotational Movements in Overhead Throwing Athletes |
| title_fullStr | Muscle Activations of the Upper Extremity and Core during Elevation and Rotational Movements in Overhead Throwing Athletes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Muscle Activations of the Upper Extremity and Core during Elevation and Rotational Movements in Overhead Throwing Athletes |
| title_short | Muscle Activations of the Upper Extremity and Core during Elevation and Rotational Movements in Overhead Throwing Athletes |
| title_sort | muscle activations of the upper extremity and core during elevation and rotational movements in overhead throwing athletes |
| url | https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.94604 |
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