Dynamical and finite-size effects on the criterion of first-order phase transition

Abstract To identify first-order phase transitions in the dynamical process similar to the relativistic heavy-ion collisions, we investigate the dynamical behaviors of the first-order phase transition criterion in the Fokker–Planck framework. In the thermodynamic limit, the criterion can be expresse...

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Main Authors: Lijia Jiang, Fei Gao, Yu-xin Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-07-01
Series:European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14517-y
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author Lijia Jiang
Fei Gao
Yu-xin Liu
author_facet Lijia Jiang
Fei Gao
Yu-xin Liu
author_sort Lijia Jiang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract To identify first-order phase transitions in the dynamical process similar to the relativistic heavy-ion collisions, we investigate the dynamical behaviors of the first-order phase transition criterion in the Fokker–Planck framework. In the thermodynamic limit, the criterion can be expressed as combinations of cumulants or coefficients of an Ising-like effective potential. Our study reveals that factors such as phase transition scenarios, initial temperature, system volume, relaxation rate, and evolution trajectory have great impacts on the criterion, a larger initial temperature, a smaller volume, a larger relaxation rate, or bending of the trajectory will all lead to a reduction of the first-order phase transition signal, while volume expansion over time preserves signal integrity. Analysis along a hypothetical freezeout line shows that the signal is possibly preserved at relatively large chemical potentials.
format Article
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institution Kabale University
issn 1434-6052
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher SpringerOpen
record_format Article
series European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields
spelling doaj-art-05d3d1b7aba24c34a442b23a0bca3f1d2025-08-20T04:02:56ZengSpringerOpenEuropean Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields1434-60522025-07-0185711210.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14517-yDynamical and finite-size effects on the criterion of first-order phase transitionLijia Jiang0Fei Gao1Yu-xin Liu2School of Physics, Northwest UniversitySchool of Physics, Beijing Institute of TechnologyDepartment of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking UniversityAbstract To identify first-order phase transitions in the dynamical process similar to the relativistic heavy-ion collisions, we investigate the dynamical behaviors of the first-order phase transition criterion in the Fokker–Planck framework. In the thermodynamic limit, the criterion can be expressed as combinations of cumulants or coefficients of an Ising-like effective potential. Our study reveals that factors such as phase transition scenarios, initial temperature, system volume, relaxation rate, and evolution trajectory have great impacts on the criterion, a larger initial temperature, a smaller volume, a larger relaxation rate, or bending of the trajectory will all lead to a reduction of the first-order phase transition signal, while volume expansion over time preserves signal integrity. Analysis along a hypothetical freezeout line shows that the signal is possibly preserved at relatively large chemical potentials.https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14517-y
spellingShingle Lijia Jiang
Fei Gao
Yu-xin Liu
Dynamical and finite-size effects on the criterion of first-order phase transition
European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields
title Dynamical and finite-size effects on the criterion of first-order phase transition
title_full Dynamical and finite-size effects on the criterion of first-order phase transition
title_fullStr Dynamical and finite-size effects on the criterion of first-order phase transition
title_full_unstemmed Dynamical and finite-size effects on the criterion of first-order phase transition
title_short Dynamical and finite-size effects on the criterion of first-order phase transition
title_sort dynamical and finite size effects on the criterion of first order phase transition
url https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14517-y
work_keys_str_mv AT lijiajiang dynamicalandfinitesizeeffectsonthecriterionoffirstorderphasetransition
AT feigao dynamicalandfinitesizeeffectsonthecriterionoffirstorderphasetransition
AT yuxinliu dynamicalandfinitesizeeffectsonthecriterionoffirstorderphasetransition