DNA Polymerases as Engines for Biotechnology

This review examines the DNA polymerases, a class of enzymes that has been an essential tool for molecular biology research. Several families of DNA polymerases have been defined based on amino acid sequence comparisons, and new enzymes are continually being discovered, driving the expansion of the...

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Main Authors: Scott C. Hamilton, Joseph W. Farchaus, Maria C. Davis
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2001-08-01
Series:BioTechniques
Online Access:https://www.future-science.com/doi/10.2144/01312rv01
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author Scott C. Hamilton
Joseph W. Farchaus
Maria C. Davis
author_facet Scott C. Hamilton
Joseph W. Farchaus
Maria C. Davis
author_sort Scott C. Hamilton
collection DOAJ
description This review examines the DNA polymerases, a class of enzymes that has been an essential tool for molecular biology research. Several families of DNA polymerases have been defined based on amino acid sequence comparisons, and new enzymes are continually being discovered, driving the expansion of the current classifications. Structural similarities among the enzymes are examined, as well as the functions of the various subunits and enzyme domains. The natural variety of polymerase activities has been harnessed for applications such as amplification, labeling, and detection of DNA sequences. In addition, enhancements to DNA polymerases by genetic engineering will be described, such as enzymes specifically designed for DNA sequencing by improving the incorporation of dideoxynucleotide terminators. Reverse transcription, the ability to use RNA as a template for DNA synthesis, is described for the application of making cDNA. We believe that new and unanticipated applications will emerge as new polymerases and mutated polymerases are created and characterized.
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spelling doaj-art-05d270cab66848cc95f1d0fc3936f3802025-08-20T02:25:37ZengTaylor & Francis GroupBioTechniques0736-62051940-98182001-08-0131237038310.2144/01312rv01DNA Polymerases as Engines for BiotechnologyScott C. Hamilton0Joseph W. Farchaus1Maria C. Davis21Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Piscataway, NJ, USA1Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Piscataway, NJ, USA1Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Piscataway, NJ, USAThis review examines the DNA polymerases, a class of enzymes that has been an essential tool for molecular biology research. Several families of DNA polymerases have been defined based on amino acid sequence comparisons, and new enzymes are continually being discovered, driving the expansion of the current classifications. Structural similarities among the enzymes are examined, as well as the functions of the various subunits and enzyme domains. The natural variety of polymerase activities has been harnessed for applications such as amplification, labeling, and detection of DNA sequences. In addition, enhancements to DNA polymerases by genetic engineering will be described, such as enzymes specifically designed for DNA sequencing by improving the incorporation of dideoxynucleotide terminators. Reverse transcription, the ability to use RNA as a template for DNA synthesis, is described for the application of making cDNA. We believe that new and unanticipated applications will emerge as new polymerases and mutated polymerases are created and characterized.https://www.future-science.com/doi/10.2144/01312rv01
spellingShingle Scott C. Hamilton
Joseph W. Farchaus
Maria C. Davis
DNA Polymerases as Engines for Biotechnology
BioTechniques
title DNA Polymerases as Engines for Biotechnology
title_full DNA Polymerases as Engines for Biotechnology
title_fullStr DNA Polymerases as Engines for Biotechnology
title_full_unstemmed DNA Polymerases as Engines for Biotechnology
title_short DNA Polymerases as Engines for Biotechnology
title_sort dna polymerases as engines for biotechnology
url https://www.future-science.com/doi/10.2144/01312rv01
work_keys_str_mv AT scottchamilton dnapolymerasesasenginesforbiotechnology
AT josephwfarchaus dnapolymerasesasenginesforbiotechnology
AT mariacdavis dnapolymerasesasenginesforbiotechnology