Cost-effective approaches for microplastic pellets characterization using a machine learning tool

Microplastics, including pellets, are a persistent pollutant on beaches that pose relevant ecological and environmental challenges. Their widespread presence in marine and coastal environments endangers ecosystems, threatens marine life, and risks entering the food chain. Effective microplastic mana...

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Main Authors: V.M. Scarrica, P. Cocozza, G. Anfuso, A. Staiano, G. Bonifazi, A. Rizzo, S. Serranti
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-12-01
Series:Ecological Informatics
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1574954125002390
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author V.M. Scarrica
P. Cocozza
G. Anfuso
A. Staiano
G. Bonifazi
A. Rizzo
S. Serranti
author_facet V.M. Scarrica
P. Cocozza
G. Anfuso
A. Staiano
G. Bonifazi
A. Rizzo
S. Serranti
author_sort V.M. Scarrica
collection DOAJ
description Microplastics, including pellets, are a persistent pollutant on beaches that pose relevant ecological and environmental challenges. Their widespread presence in marine and coastal environments endangers ecosystems, threatens marine life, and risks entering the food chain. Effective microplastic management requires reliable methods for their identification and classification, yet the high cost of required equipment hinders large-scale implementation. Artificial intelligence offers a promising solution for polymer analysis. While machine learning techniques have demonstrated potential in automating microplastic classification, existing approaches often rely on complex models requiring numerous input variables, limiting their practical application. This paper introduces a simplified methodology for pellet polymer classification using a Random Forest model requiring a limited set of variables for training. The approach reduces model complexity while maintaining high classification performance, emphasizing simplicity, speed and efficiency. The method was tested on different pellet samples collected from the coasts of Spain, Portugal and Vulcano Island (Italy). The results highlight the robustness of the proposed model and its suitability to be applied in diverse environmental contexts. By balancing accuracy with computational efficiency, the proposed approach represents a practical tool for pellet classification. This streamlined methodology can offer a significant step forward in microplastic management and pollution mitigation, contributing to the development of cost-effective, scalable solutions for addressing the environmental impacts of microplastics.
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institution Kabale University
issn 1574-9541
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publisher Elsevier
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series Ecological Informatics
spelling doaj-art-05d1355fea0e457da7d342252ab412fc2025-08-20T05:05:13ZengElsevierEcological Informatics1574-95412025-12-019010323010.1016/j.ecoinf.2025.103230Cost-effective approaches for microplastic pellets characterization using a machine learning toolV.M. Scarrica0P. Cocozza1G. Anfuso2A. Staiano3G. Bonifazi4A. Rizzo5S. Serranti6Department of Sciences and Technology, University of Naples Parthenope Naples, ItalyDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Materials & Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, SpainDepartment of Sciences and Technology, University of Naples Parthenope Naples, ItalyDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Materials & Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Earth and Geoenvironmental Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center for Coastal Dynamics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, ItalyDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Materials & Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy; Corresponding author.Microplastics, including pellets, are a persistent pollutant on beaches that pose relevant ecological and environmental challenges. Their widespread presence in marine and coastal environments endangers ecosystems, threatens marine life, and risks entering the food chain. Effective microplastic management requires reliable methods for their identification and classification, yet the high cost of required equipment hinders large-scale implementation. Artificial intelligence offers a promising solution for polymer analysis. While machine learning techniques have demonstrated potential in automating microplastic classification, existing approaches often rely on complex models requiring numerous input variables, limiting their practical application. This paper introduces a simplified methodology for pellet polymer classification using a Random Forest model requiring a limited set of variables for training. The approach reduces model complexity while maintaining high classification performance, emphasizing simplicity, speed and efficiency. The method was tested on different pellet samples collected from the coasts of Spain, Portugal and Vulcano Island (Italy). The results highlight the robustness of the proposed model and its suitability to be applied in diverse environmental contexts. By balancing accuracy with computational efficiency, the proposed approach represents a practical tool for pellet classification. This streamlined methodology can offer a significant step forward in microplastic management and pollution mitigation, contributing to the development of cost-effective, scalable solutions for addressing the environmental impacts of microplastics.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1574954125002390MicroplasticPelletPolymer classificationMachine learningRandom Forest
spellingShingle V.M. Scarrica
P. Cocozza
G. Anfuso
A. Staiano
G. Bonifazi
A. Rizzo
S. Serranti
Cost-effective approaches for microplastic pellets characterization using a machine learning tool
Ecological Informatics
Microplastic
Pellet
Polymer classification
Machine learning
Random Forest
title Cost-effective approaches for microplastic pellets characterization using a machine learning tool
title_full Cost-effective approaches for microplastic pellets characterization using a machine learning tool
title_fullStr Cost-effective approaches for microplastic pellets characterization using a machine learning tool
title_full_unstemmed Cost-effective approaches for microplastic pellets characterization using a machine learning tool
title_short Cost-effective approaches for microplastic pellets characterization using a machine learning tool
title_sort cost effective approaches for microplastic pellets characterization using a machine learning tool
topic Microplastic
Pellet
Polymer classification
Machine learning
Random Forest
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1574954125002390
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