Cucurbitacin B induces oral squamous cell carcinomapyroptosis via GSDME and inhibits tumour growth

Background: Pyroptosis, a form of programmed cell death, has been shown to induce anti-tumour immunity and inhibit tumour growth. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), a prevalent malignant tumour, could benefit from pyroptosis induction as a therapeutic strategy. Cucurbitacin B (CuB), a natural comp...

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Main Authors: Xin Chen, Mengyuan Yang, Heng Zhang, Yajun Wang, Wenpeng Yan, Chen Cheng, Rongrong Guo, Jiawei Chai, YaHsin Zheng, Fang Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-08-01
Series:Translational Oncology
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1936523325001536
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author Xin Chen
Mengyuan Yang
Heng Zhang
Yajun Wang
Wenpeng Yan
Chen Cheng
Rongrong Guo
Jiawei Chai
YaHsin Zheng
Fang Zhang
author_facet Xin Chen
Mengyuan Yang
Heng Zhang
Yajun Wang
Wenpeng Yan
Chen Cheng
Rongrong Guo
Jiawei Chai
YaHsin Zheng
Fang Zhang
author_sort Xin Chen
collection DOAJ
description Background: Pyroptosis, a form of programmed cell death, has been shown to induce anti-tumour immunity and inhibit tumour growth. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), a prevalent malignant tumour, could benefit from pyroptosis induction as a therapeutic strategy. Cucurbitacin B (CuB), a natural compound derived from various plants, exhibits broad anti-tumour activity. However, whether CuB can exert its anti-tumour effects in OSCC through pyroptosis remains unexplored. Results: CuB significantly inhibited the proliferation of OSCC cells, induced pyroptosis, and elevated the levels of inflammatory factors in the cell supernatant. Bioinformatics analysis predicted the potential role of pyroptosis in OSCC, which was subsequently validated in a 4NQO-induced OSCC mouse model. The results demonstrated that CuB not only exerted tumour-inhibitory effects but also increased the infiltration of CD8+ T cells in the peritumoural region. To elucidate the mechanism of CuB-induced pyroptosis, STAT3 was identified as a key target of CuB in OSCC, with its expression upregulated in tumour tissues. Further experiments revealed that CuB induced pyroptosis by suppressing STAT3 expression and promoting the cleavage of caspase-3 and Gasdermin-E (GSDME). Conclusion: CuB triggers OSCC pyroptosis through the STAT3/caspase-3/GSDME pathway, enhancing peritumoural CD8+ T cell infiltration and offering a novel strategy to boost tumour immunotherapy efficacy.
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spelling doaj-art-05bf8295dfd04af6b4abd2e1e81bac302025-08-20T02:39:40ZengElsevierTranslational Oncology1936-52332025-08-015810242210.1016/j.tranon.2025.102422Cucurbitacin B induces oral squamous cell carcinomapyroptosis via GSDME and inhibits tumour growthXin Chen0Mengyuan Yang1Heng Zhang2Yajun Wang3Wenpeng Yan4Chen Cheng5Rongrong Guo6Jiawei Chai7YaHsin Zheng8Fang Zhang9Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, No.63 Xinjian South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, ChinaShanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, No.63 Xinjian South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, ChinaShanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, No.63 Xinjian South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, ChinaShanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, No.63 Xinjian South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, ChinaShanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, No.63 Xinjian South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, ChinaShanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, No.63 Xinjian South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, ChinaShanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, No.63 Xinjian South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, ChinaShanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, No.63 Xinjian South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, ChinaDepartment of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, TaiwanShanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, No.63 Xinjian South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China; Corresponding author.Background: Pyroptosis, a form of programmed cell death, has been shown to induce anti-tumour immunity and inhibit tumour growth. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), a prevalent malignant tumour, could benefit from pyroptosis induction as a therapeutic strategy. Cucurbitacin B (CuB), a natural compound derived from various plants, exhibits broad anti-tumour activity. However, whether CuB can exert its anti-tumour effects in OSCC through pyroptosis remains unexplored. Results: CuB significantly inhibited the proliferation of OSCC cells, induced pyroptosis, and elevated the levels of inflammatory factors in the cell supernatant. Bioinformatics analysis predicted the potential role of pyroptosis in OSCC, which was subsequently validated in a 4NQO-induced OSCC mouse model. The results demonstrated that CuB not only exerted tumour-inhibitory effects but also increased the infiltration of CD8+ T cells in the peritumoural region. To elucidate the mechanism of CuB-induced pyroptosis, STAT3 was identified as a key target of CuB in OSCC, with its expression upregulated in tumour tissues. Further experiments revealed that CuB induced pyroptosis by suppressing STAT3 expression and promoting the cleavage of caspase-3 and Gasdermin-E (GSDME). Conclusion: CuB triggers OSCC pyroptosis through the STAT3/caspase-3/GSDME pathway, enhancing peritumoural CD8+ T cell infiltration and offering a novel strategy to boost tumour immunotherapy efficacy.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1936523325001536Cucurbitacin BGSDMEOSCCpyroptosisCD8+T
spellingShingle Xin Chen
Mengyuan Yang
Heng Zhang
Yajun Wang
Wenpeng Yan
Chen Cheng
Rongrong Guo
Jiawei Chai
YaHsin Zheng
Fang Zhang
Cucurbitacin B induces oral squamous cell carcinomapyroptosis via GSDME and inhibits tumour growth
Translational Oncology
Cucurbitacin B
GSDME
OSCC
pyroptosis
CD8+T
title Cucurbitacin B induces oral squamous cell carcinomapyroptosis via GSDME and inhibits tumour growth
title_full Cucurbitacin B induces oral squamous cell carcinomapyroptosis via GSDME and inhibits tumour growth
title_fullStr Cucurbitacin B induces oral squamous cell carcinomapyroptosis via GSDME and inhibits tumour growth
title_full_unstemmed Cucurbitacin B induces oral squamous cell carcinomapyroptosis via GSDME and inhibits tumour growth
title_short Cucurbitacin B induces oral squamous cell carcinomapyroptosis via GSDME and inhibits tumour growth
title_sort cucurbitacin b induces oral squamous cell carcinomapyroptosis via gsdme and inhibits tumour growth
topic Cucurbitacin B
GSDME
OSCC
pyroptosis
CD8+T
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1936523325001536
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