Dielectric EBG Leaky-Wave Antenna: Design and Experimental Validation

This paper proposes a novel Electromagnetic Band-Gap (EBG) leaky-wave antenna (LWA) operating in the K-band with enhanced directivity at broadside. A rigorous method that combines the analysis of the band diagrams of Bloch waves propagating within two-dimensional (2-D) EBG structures and the propert...

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Main Authors: Ludovica Tognolatti, Paolo Baccarelli, Cristina Ponti, Silvio Ceccuzzi, Vakhtang Jandieri, Giuseppe Schettini
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation
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Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10976693/
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author Ludovica Tognolatti
Paolo Baccarelli
Cristina Ponti
Silvio Ceccuzzi
Vakhtang Jandieri
Giuseppe Schettini
author_facet Ludovica Tognolatti
Paolo Baccarelli
Cristina Ponti
Silvio Ceccuzzi
Vakhtang Jandieri
Giuseppe Schettini
author_sort Ludovica Tognolatti
collection DOAJ
description This paper proposes a novel Electromagnetic Band-Gap (EBG) leaky-wave antenna (LWA) operating in the K-band with enhanced directivity at broadside. A rigorous method that combines the analysis of the band diagrams of Bloch waves propagating within two-dimensional (2-D) EBG structures and the properties of bound and leaky modes in transversely open lattice waveguides is used to design the antenna. For the first time, a three-dimensional (3-D) realistic configuration of the EBG structure is designed, manufactured, and measured in the K-band. An effective leaky-wave approach is applied in conjunction with the use of &#x201C;ad-hoc&#x201D; and commercial EM full-wave software for the accurate design of the structure to be realized. The prototype consists of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$7\times {\times }8$ </tex-math></inline-formula> alumina cylinders positioned above a ground plane and supported by two vertical metal plates. The antenna is fed by two counterphase monopoles. A rat-race hybrid junction, located just below the antenna, feeds the two monopoles. The measurements show a very good agreement with the adopted leaky-wave model. Experimental results show a broadside directivity of 12.8 dBi and a return loss of 24 dB at the frequency of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f = 24.6$ </tex-math></inline-formula> GHz. The design reported operates in the K-band in reason of its application for the project PRIN 2017 WPT4WID under grant 2017YJE9XK005.
format Article
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institution Kabale University
issn 2637-6431
language English
publishDate 2025-01-01
publisher IEEE
record_format Article
series IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation
spelling doaj-art-05bdb0be47f34b53a60641ff9c6a03da2025-08-20T04:00:45ZengIEEEIEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation2637-64312025-01-01641126113410.1109/OJAP.2025.356435210976693Dielectric EBG Leaky-Wave Antenna: Design and Experimental ValidationLudovica Tognolatti0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4124-8208Paolo Baccarelli1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4660-0103Cristina Ponti2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2482-8606Silvio Ceccuzzi3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1448-5793Vakhtang Jandieri4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6153-4175Giuseppe Schettini5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8890-2601Department of Industrial, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering, Roma Tre University, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Industrial, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering, Roma Tre University, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Industrial, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering, Roma Tre University, Rome, ItalyFusion and Nuclear Safety Department, ENEA, Frascati, ItalyDepartment of General and Theoretical Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, GermanyDepartment of Industrial, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering, Roma Tre University, Rome, ItalyThis paper proposes a novel Electromagnetic Band-Gap (EBG) leaky-wave antenna (LWA) operating in the K-band with enhanced directivity at broadside. A rigorous method that combines the analysis of the band diagrams of Bloch waves propagating within two-dimensional (2-D) EBG structures and the properties of bound and leaky modes in transversely open lattice waveguides is used to design the antenna. For the first time, a three-dimensional (3-D) realistic configuration of the EBG structure is designed, manufactured, and measured in the K-band. An effective leaky-wave approach is applied in conjunction with the use of &#x201C;ad-hoc&#x201D; and commercial EM full-wave software for the accurate design of the structure to be realized. The prototype consists of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$7\times {\times }8$ </tex-math></inline-formula> alumina cylinders positioned above a ground plane and supported by two vertical metal plates. The antenna is fed by two counterphase monopoles. A rat-race hybrid junction, located just below the antenna, feeds the two monopoles. The measurements show a very good agreement with the adopted leaky-wave model. Experimental results show a broadside directivity of 12.8 dBi and a return loss of 24 dB at the frequency of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f = 24.6$ </tex-math></inline-formula> GHz. The design reported operates in the K-band in reason of its application for the project PRIN 2017 WPT4WID under grant 2017YJE9XK005.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10976693/Electromagnetic band-gapperiodic structuresphotonic crystalsleaky modesleaky-wave antenna (LWA)K-band
spellingShingle Ludovica Tognolatti
Paolo Baccarelli
Cristina Ponti
Silvio Ceccuzzi
Vakhtang Jandieri
Giuseppe Schettini
Dielectric EBG Leaky-Wave Antenna: Design and Experimental Validation
IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation
Electromagnetic band-gap
periodic structures
photonic crystals
leaky modes
leaky-wave antenna (LWA)
K-band
title Dielectric EBG Leaky-Wave Antenna: Design and Experimental Validation
title_full Dielectric EBG Leaky-Wave Antenna: Design and Experimental Validation
title_fullStr Dielectric EBG Leaky-Wave Antenna: Design and Experimental Validation
title_full_unstemmed Dielectric EBG Leaky-Wave Antenna: Design and Experimental Validation
title_short Dielectric EBG Leaky-Wave Antenna: Design and Experimental Validation
title_sort dielectric ebg leaky wave antenna design and experimental validation
topic Electromagnetic band-gap
periodic structures
photonic crystals
leaky modes
leaky-wave antenna (LWA)
K-band
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10976693/
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AT paolobaccarelli dielectricebgleakywaveantennadesignandexperimentalvalidation
AT cristinaponti dielectricebgleakywaveantennadesignandexperimentalvalidation
AT silvioceccuzzi dielectricebgleakywaveantennadesignandexperimentalvalidation
AT vakhtangjandieri dielectricebgleakywaveantennadesignandexperimentalvalidation
AT giuseppeschettini dielectricebgleakywaveantennadesignandexperimentalvalidation