In situ analysis of vascular structures in fractured Tyrannosaurus rex rib

Abstract Soft tissue preservation in fossils has become a popular focus of paleontology research due to easier access to sensitive probes like synchrotron radiation, allowing more detailed analysis of specimens. Although uncommon, reports exist on vascular preservation in dinosaurs, generally as rem...

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Main Authors: Jerit L. Mitchell, Mauricio Barbi, Ryan C. McKellar, Monica Cliveti, Ian M. Coulson
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06981-z
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author Jerit L. Mitchell
Mauricio Barbi
Ryan C. McKellar
Monica Cliveti
Ian M. Coulson
author_facet Jerit L. Mitchell
Mauricio Barbi
Ryan C. McKellar
Monica Cliveti
Ian M. Coulson
author_sort Jerit L. Mitchell
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Soft tissue preservation in fossils has become a popular focus of paleontology research due to easier access to sensitive probes like synchrotron radiation, allowing more detailed analysis of specimens. Although uncommon, reports exist on vascular preservation in dinosaurs, generally as remnants of Haversian canals. However, combined 3D morphological and chemical analysis of large angiogenic dinosaur blood vessels has not been reported before. Here we show characterization of a network of large vessel-like structures in a rib from “RSKM P2523.8” (Royal Saskatchewan Museum), an exceptionally robust Tyrannosaurus rex found in the Late Cretaceous Frenchman Formation, Saskatchewan, Canada. Using Synchrotron Micro-Computed Tomography these structures can be visualized in situ within the bone and matched to chemical microprobing from Synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence and X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure. Combined with conventional optical and electron microscopy, we show the vessel-like structures are composed of pyrite partially oxidized to goethite or hematite, preserved in two distinct layers as permineralized casts. Although no original soft tissues were able to be recovered using the current suite of techniques, the structures’ morphology and sole presence in a fractured area of the rib suggest angiogenic origin. Bone healing and regrowth may offer a promising target for future multi-technique soft tissue experiments analyzing dinosaur healing potential.
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spelling doaj-art-05a2252915a64e4d85409de1cbbb2ad92025-08-20T03:45:24ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111310.1038/s41598-025-06981-zIn situ analysis of vascular structures in fractured Tyrannosaurus rex ribJerit L. Mitchell0Mauricio Barbi1Ryan C. McKellar2Monica Cliveti3Ian M. Coulson4Department of Physics, University of ReginaDepartment of Physics, University of ReginaRoyal Saskatchewan MuseumDepartment of Earth Sciences, University of ReginaDepartment of Earth Sciences, University of ReginaAbstract Soft tissue preservation in fossils has become a popular focus of paleontology research due to easier access to sensitive probes like synchrotron radiation, allowing more detailed analysis of specimens. Although uncommon, reports exist on vascular preservation in dinosaurs, generally as remnants of Haversian canals. However, combined 3D morphological and chemical analysis of large angiogenic dinosaur blood vessels has not been reported before. Here we show characterization of a network of large vessel-like structures in a rib from “RSKM P2523.8” (Royal Saskatchewan Museum), an exceptionally robust Tyrannosaurus rex found in the Late Cretaceous Frenchman Formation, Saskatchewan, Canada. Using Synchrotron Micro-Computed Tomography these structures can be visualized in situ within the bone and matched to chemical microprobing from Synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence and X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure. Combined with conventional optical and electron microscopy, we show the vessel-like structures are composed of pyrite partially oxidized to goethite or hematite, preserved in two distinct layers as permineralized casts. Although no original soft tissues were able to be recovered using the current suite of techniques, the structures’ morphology and sole presence in a fractured area of the rib suggest angiogenic origin. Bone healing and regrowth may offer a promising target for future multi-technique soft tissue experiments analyzing dinosaur healing potential.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06981-zDinosaurSynchrotronSoft tissueBlood vesselAngiogenesisPathology
spellingShingle Jerit L. Mitchell
Mauricio Barbi
Ryan C. McKellar
Monica Cliveti
Ian M. Coulson
In situ analysis of vascular structures in fractured Tyrannosaurus rex rib
Scientific Reports
Dinosaur
Synchrotron
Soft tissue
Blood vessel
Angiogenesis
Pathology
title In situ analysis of vascular structures in fractured Tyrannosaurus rex rib
title_full In situ analysis of vascular structures in fractured Tyrannosaurus rex rib
title_fullStr In situ analysis of vascular structures in fractured Tyrannosaurus rex rib
title_full_unstemmed In situ analysis of vascular structures in fractured Tyrannosaurus rex rib
title_short In situ analysis of vascular structures in fractured Tyrannosaurus rex rib
title_sort in situ analysis of vascular structures in fractured tyrannosaurus rex rib
topic Dinosaur
Synchrotron
Soft tissue
Blood vessel
Angiogenesis
Pathology
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06981-z
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AT ryancmckellar insituanalysisofvascularstructuresinfracturedtyrannosaurusrexrib
AT monicacliveti insituanalysisofvascularstructuresinfracturedtyrannosaurusrexrib
AT ianmcoulson insituanalysisofvascularstructuresinfracturedtyrannosaurusrexrib