Neurotechnology in Gaming: A Systematic Review of Visual Evoked Potential-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have received considerable attention in gaming, enabling innovative interactions with digital environments. Visual Evoked Potentials (VEPs)—robust, noninvasive neural responses to visual stimuli—offer high information transfer rates, making them...
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IEEE
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10976640/ |
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| author | Aigerim Keutayeva China Jesse Nwachukwu Muslim Alaran Zhenis Otarbay Berdakh Abibullaev |
| author_facet | Aigerim Keutayeva China Jesse Nwachukwu Muslim Alaran Zhenis Otarbay Berdakh Abibullaev |
| author_sort | Aigerim Keutayeva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have received considerable attention in gaming, enabling innovative interactions with digital environments. Visual Evoked Potentials (VEPs)—robust, noninvasive neural responses to visual stimuli—offer high information transfer rates, making them particularly promising. This systematic review, guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework, examines VEP-based BCIs in gaming. We searched the Web of Science and Google Scholar, identifying 16 347 studies from the past decade, with 46 selected for in-depth analysis after rigorous screening. The review explores VEP response modeling, electroencephalography (EEG) signal acquisition and processing, stimulation paradigms, and their gaming applications. These systems enhance accessibility for players with physical or cognitive impairments, support adaptive difficulty scaling, personalize gameplay, aid neurorehabilitation, and enable multiplayer interactions. However, challenges remain, including technical limitations, complex data interpretation, user adaptability, and ergonomic issues. Advances in signal processing, personalized calibration, and hybrid multimodal approaches could improve usability. Future research should focus on integrating VEP-based BCIs with emerging technologies, optimizing user comfort, and developing adaptive interaction models to enhance immersion and accessibility. By addressing these challenges and utilizing neuroscience and computational advancements, VEP-based BCIs promise to transform gaming into a more inclusive and immersive experience for diverse users. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0596eb0a4de943a5965a0b7c7f766021 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj-art-0596eb0a4de943a5965a0b7c7f7660212025-08-20T03:11:21ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-0113749447496610.1109/ACCESS.2025.356432810976640Neurotechnology in Gaming: A Systematic Review of Visual Evoked Potential-Based Brain-Computer InterfacesAigerim Keutayeva0https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2217-2157China Jesse Nwachukwu1Muslim Alaran2https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9534-7599Zhenis Otarbay3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4111-0719Berdakh Abibullaev4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8623-5526Institute of Smart Systems and Artificial Intelligence (ISSAI), Nazarbayev University, Astana, KazakhstanDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Astana, KazakhstanDepartment of Robotics and Mechatronics, Nazarbayev University, Astana, KazakhstanDepartment of Robotics and Mechatronics, Nazarbayev University, Astana, KazakhstanDepartment of Robotics and Mechatronics, Nazarbayev University, Astana, KazakhstanBrain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have received considerable attention in gaming, enabling innovative interactions with digital environments. Visual Evoked Potentials (VEPs)—robust, noninvasive neural responses to visual stimuli—offer high information transfer rates, making them particularly promising. This systematic review, guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework, examines VEP-based BCIs in gaming. We searched the Web of Science and Google Scholar, identifying 16 347 studies from the past decade, with 46 selected for in-depth analysis after rigorous screening. The review explores VEP response modeling, electroencephalography (EEG) signal acquisition and processing, stimulation paradigms, and their gaming applications. These systems enhance accessibility for players with physical or cognitive impairments, support adaptive difficulty scaling, personalize gameplay, aid neurorehabilitation, and enable multiplayer interactions. However, challenges remain, including technical limitations, complex data interpretation, user adaptability, and ergonomic issues. Advances in signal processing, personalized calibration, and hybrid multimodal approaches could improve usability. Future research should focus on integrating VEP-based BCIs with emerging technologies, optimizing user comfort, and developing adaptive interaction models to enhance immersion and accessibility. By addressing these challenges and utilizing neuroscience and computational advancements, VEP-based BCIs promise to transform gaming into a more inclusive and immersive experience for diverse users.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10976640/Brain-computer interfacesvisual evoked potentialssignal processingneurotechnologygaming accessibilityelectroencephalography |
| spellingShingle | Aigerim Keutayeva China Jesse Nwachukwu Muslim Alaran Zhenis Otarbay Berdakh Abibullaev Neurotechnology in Gaming: A Systematic Review of Visual Evoked Potential-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces IEEE Access Brain-computer interfaces visual evoked potentials signal processing neurotechnology gaming accessibility electroencephalography |
| title | Neurotechnology in Gaming: A Systematic Review of Visual Evoked Potential-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces |
| title_full | Neurotechnology in Gaming: A Systematic Review of Visual Evoked Potential-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces |
| title_fullStr | Neurotechnology in Gaming: A Systematic Review of Visual Evoked Potential-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neurotechnology in Gaming: A Systematic Review of Visual Evoked Potential-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces |
| title_short | Neurotechnology in Gaming: A Systematic Review of Visual Evoked Potential-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces |
| title_sort | neurotechnology in gaming a systematic review of visual evoked potential based brain computer interfaces |
| topic | Brain-computer interfaces visual evoked potentials signal processing neurotechnology gaming accessibility electroencephalography |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10976640/ |
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