Renovascular Hypertension with Superimposed Aortic Arch Baroreceptor Failure: Case Report and Review of Literature

Background. Atherosclerotic renal artery diseases are among the most common causes of secondary hypertension. Baroreceptors, as carotid and aortic, are important regulatory mechanisms of blood pressure; their disruption can lead to labile blood pressure due to sympathetic overactivity: an entity cal...

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Main Authors: Amro Daoud, Bisher Mustafa, Hamza Alsaid, Zeid Khitan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2022-01-01
Series:Case Reports in Vascular Medicine
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4754027
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author Amro Daoud
Bisher Mustafa
Hamza Alsaid
Zeid Khitan
author_facet Amro Daoud
Bisher Mustafa
Hamza Alsaid
Zeid Khitan
author_sort Amro Daoud
collection DOAJ
description Background. Atherosclerotic renal artery diseases are among the most common causes of secondary hypertension. Baroreceptors, as carotid and aortic, are important regulatory mechanisms of blood pressure; their disruption can lead to labile blood pressure due to sympathetic overactivity: an entity called neurogenic hypertension. A disease such as aortic dissection can lead to a challenging combined etiology of secondary hypertension. It can affect both or one of the renal arteries leading to a renovascular pathology that can cause hypertension through RAAS activation. Also, surgical repair of the dissected aortic arch can disrupt baroreceptors leading to neurogenic hypertension. Case Report. We report a case of an 83-year-old female patient investigated for recurrent episodes of aphasia. She has a history of hypertension and coronary artery disease. Surgical history is significant for aortic valve replacement complicated by type A aortic dissection requiring surgical repair. Following surgery, the patient developed difficult-to-control and labile blood pressure. Workup included a CT angiogram of the abdominal aorta that showed an infrarenal dominant abdominal aortic aneurysm with juxtarenal aortic dissection; these findings were similar to previous findings. A diagnosis of aortic baroreceptor failure following aortic dissection repair was established, which lead to labile hypertension with superimposed renovascular pathology due to unilateral compromised renal artery blood flow following aortic dissection and thrombosis. Conclusions. This report highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis of secondary hypertension and its underlying mechanisms, as this has a huge impact on the choice of therapy to avoid undertreatment or overtreatment of hypertension.
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spelling doaj-art-05927052d62d4a29b7f8e7b48c82aa752025-08-20T02:02:58ZengWileyCase Reports in Vascular Medicine2090-69942022-01-01202210.1155/2022/4754027Renovascular Hypertension with Superimposed Aortic Arch Baroreceptor Failure: Case Report and Review of LiteratureAmro Daoud0Bisher Mustafa1Hamza Alsaid2Zeid Khitan3Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine-Marshall UniversityJoan C. Edwards School of Medicine-Marshall UniversityHadassah University HospitalJoan C. Edwards School of Medicine-Marshall UniversityBackground. Atherosclerotic renal artery diseases are among the most common causes of secondary hypertension. Baroreceptors, as carotid and aortic, are important regulatory mechanisms of blood pressure; their disruption can lead to labile blood pressure due to sympathetic overactivity: an entity called neurogenic hypertension. A disease such as aortic dissection can lead to a challenging combined etiology of secondary hypertension. It can affect both or one of the renal arteries leading to a renovascular pathology that can cause hypertension through RAAS activation. Also, surgical repair of the dissected aortic arch can disrupt baroreceptors leading to neurogenic hypertension. Case Report. We report a case of an 83-year-old female patient investigated for recurrent episodes of aphasia. She has a history of hypertension and coronary artery disease. Surgical history is significant for aortic valve replacement complicated by type A aortic dissection requiring surgical repair. Following surgery, the patient developed difficult-to-control and labile blood pressure. Workup included a CT angiogram of the abdominal aorta that showed an infrarenal dominant abdominal aortic aneurysm with juxtarenal aortic dissection; these findings were similar to previous findings. A diagnosis of aortic baroreceptor failure following aortic dissection repair was established, which lead to labile hypertension with superimposed renovascular pathology due to unilateral compromised renal artery blood flow following aortic dissection and thrombosis. Conclusions. This report highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis of secondary hypertension and its underlying mechanisms, as this has a huge impact on the choice of therapy to avoid undertreatment or overtreatment of hypertension.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4754027
spellingShingle Amro Daoud
Bisher Mustafa
Hamza Alsaid
Zeid Khitan
Renovascular Hypertension with Superimposed Aortic Arch Baroreceptor Failure: Case Report and Review of Literature
Case Reports in Vascular Medicine
title Renovascular Hypertension with Superimposed Aortic Arch Baroreceptor Failure: Case Report and Review of Literature
title_full Renovascular Hypertension with Superimposed Aortic Arch Baroreceptor Failure: Case Report and Review of Literature
title_fullStr Renovascular Hypertension with Superimposed Aortic Arch Baroreceptor Failure: Case Report and Review of Literature
title_full_unstemmed Renovascular Hypertension with Superimposed Aortic Arch Baroreceptor Failure: Case Report and Review of Literature
title_short Renovascular Hypertension with Superimposed Aortic Arch Baroreceptor Failure: Case Report and Review of Literature
title_sort renovascular hypertension with superimposed aortic arch baroreceptor failure case report and review of literature
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4754027
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