On the nonlinearity of the foreperiod effect
Abstract One of the frequently employed tasks within the implicit timing paradigm is the foreperiod task. The foreperiod is the time interval spanning from the presentation of a warning signal to the appearance of a target stimulus, during which reaction time trajectory follows time uncertainty. Whi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-53347-y |
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| _version_ | 1849390296775786496 |
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| author | Amirmahmoud Houshmand Chatroudi Giovanna Mioni Yuko Yotsumoto |
| author_facet | Amirmahmoud Houshmand Chatroudi Giovanna Mioni Yuko Yotsumoto |
| author_sort | Amirmahmoud Houshmand Chatroudi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract One of the frequently employed tasks within the implicit timing paradigm is the foreperiod task. The foreperiod is the time interval spanning from the presentation of a warning signal to the appearance of a target stimulus, during which reaction time trajectory follows time uncertainty. While the typical approach in analyzing foreperiod effects is based on linear approximations, the uncertainty in the estimation of time, expressed by the Weber fraction, implies a nonlinear trend. In the present study, we analyzed the variable foreperiod reaction times from a relatively large sample (n = 109). We found that the linear regression on reaction times and log-transformed reaction times poorly fitted the foreperiod data. However, a nonlinear regression based on an exponential decay function with three distinctive parameters provided the best fit. We discussed the inferential hazards of a simplistic linear approach and demonstrated how a nonlinear formulation can create new opportunities for studies in implicit timing research, which were previously impossible. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-05725d2d57d04253ae3c73c703bb79bb |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-05725d2d57d04253ae3c73c703bb79bb2025-08-20T03:41:42ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-02-0114111010.1038/s41598-024-53347-yOn the nonlinearity of the foreperiod effectAmirmahmoud Houshmand Chatroudi0Giovanna Mioni1Yuko Yotsumoto2Department of Life Sciences, The University of TokyoDepartment of General Psychology, University of PaduaDepartment of Life Sciences, The University of TokyoAbstract One of the frequently employed tasks within the implicit timing paradigm is the foreperiod task. The foreperiod is the time interval spanning from the presentation of a warning signal to the appearance of a target stimulus, during which reaction time trajectory follows time uncertainty. While the typical approach in analyzing foreperiod effects is based on linear approximations, the uncertainty in the estimation of time, expressed by the Weber fraction, implies a nonlinear trend. In the present study, we analyzed the variable foreperiod reaction times from a relatively large sample (n = 109). We found that the linear regression on reaction times and log-transformed reaction times poorly fitted the foreperiod data. However, a nonlinear regression based on an exponential decay function with three distinctive parameters provided the best fit. We discussed the inferential hazards of a simplistic linear approach and demonstrated how a nonlinear formulation can create new opportunities for studies in implicit timing research, which were previously impossible.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-53347-y |
| spellingShingle | Amirmahmoud Houshmand Chatroudi Giovanna Mioni Yuko Yotsumoto On the nonlinearity of the foreperiod effect Scientific Reports |
| title | On the nonlinearity of the foreperiod effect |
| title_full | On the nonlinearity of the foreperiod effect |
| title_fullStr | On the nonlinearity of the foreperiod effect |
| title_full_unstemmed | On the nonlinearity of the foreperiod effect |
| title_short | On the nonlinearity of the foreperiod effect |
| title_sort | on the nonlinearity of the foreperiod effect |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-53347-y |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT amirmahmoudhoushmandchatroudi onthenonlinearityoftheforeperiodeffect AT giovannamioni onthenonlinearityoftheforeperiodeffect AT yukoyotsumoto onthenonlinearityoftheforeperiodeffect |