Regulatory T-cells: The Face-off of the Immune Balance
Regulatory T-cells (Tregs) play a crucial role in maintaining immune homeostasis, ensuring a balanced immune response. Tregs primarily operate in an antigen-specific fashion, facilitated by their distinct distribution within discrete niches. Tregs have been studied extensively, from their point of o...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IMR Press
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark |
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| Online Access: | https://www.imrpress.com/journal/FBL/29/11/10.31083/j.fbl2911377 |
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| author | Mahmoud Singer Ahmed M. Elsayed Mohamed I. Husseiny |
| author_facet | Mahmoud Singer Ahmed M. Elsayed Mohamed I. Husseiny |
| author_sort | Mahmoud Singer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Regulatory T-cells (Tregs) play a crucial role in maintaining immune homeostasis, ensuring a balanced immune response. Tregs primarily operate in an antigen-specific fashion, facilitated by their distinct distribution within discrete niches. Tregs have been studied extensively, from their point of origin in the thymus origin to their fate in the periphery or organs. Signals received from antigen-presenting cells (APCs) stimulate Tregs to dampen inflammation. Almost all tumors are characterized by a pathological abundance of immune suppression in their microenvironment. Conversely, the lack thereof proves detrimental to immunological disorders. Achieving a balanced expression of Tregs in relation to other immune compartments is important in establishing an effective and adaptable immune tolerance towards cancer cells and autoantigens. In the context of cancer, it is essential to decrease the frequency of Tregs to overcome tumor suppression. A lower survival rate is associated with the presence of excessive exhausted effector immune cells and an increased frequency of regulatory cells. However, when it comes to treating graft rejection and autoimmune diseases, the focus lies on immune tolerance and the transfer of Tregs. Here, we explore the complex mechanisms that Tregs use in human disease to balance effector immune cells. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0566b8750ec242d485d627c42e883d02 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2768-6701 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | IMR Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark |
| spelling | doaj-art-0566b8750ec242d485d627c42e883d022024-11-30T05:06:31ZengIMR PressFrontiers in Bioscience-Landmark2768-67012024-11-01291137710.31083/j.fbl2911377S2768-6701(24)01454-0Regulatory T-cells: The Face-off of the Immune BalanceMahmoud Singer0Ahmed M. Elsayed1Mohamed I. Husseiny2School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USADivision of Infectious Diseases, The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USADepartment of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USARegulatory T-cells (Tregs) play a crucial role in maintaining immune homeostasis, ensuring a balanced immune response. Tregs primarily operate in an antigen-specific fashion, facilitated by their distinct distribution within discrete niches. Tregs have been studied extensively, from their point of origin in the thymus origin to their fate in the periphery or organs. Signals received from antigen-presenting cells (APCs) stimulate Tregs to dampen inflammation. Almost all tumors are characterized by a pathological abundance of immune suppression in their microenvironment. Conversely, the lack thereof proves detrimental to immunological disorders. Achieving a balanced expression of Tregs in relation to other immune compartments is important in establishing an effective and adaptable immune tolerance towards cancer cells and autoantigens. In the context of cancer, it is essential to decrease the frequency of Tregs to overcome tumor suppression. A lower survival rate is associated with the presence of excessive exhausted effector immune cells and an increased frequency of regulatory cells. However, when it comes to treating graft rejection and autoimmune diseases, the focus lies on immune tolerance and the transfer of Tregs. Here, we explore the complex mechanisms that Tregs use in human disease to balance effector immune cells.https://www.imrpress.com/journal/FBL/29/11/10.31083/j.fbl2911377regulatory t-cells (tregs)immune imbalancefoxp3natural treg (ntreg)induced treg (itreg)thymic treg (ttreg)peripheral treg (ptreg) |
| spellingShingle | Mahmoud Singer Ahmed M. Elsayed Mohamed I. Husseiny Regulatory T-cells: The Face-off of the Immune Balance Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark regulatory t-cells (tregs) immune imbalance foxp3 natural treg (ntreg) induced treg (itreg) thymic treg (ttreg) peripheral treg (ptreg) |
| title | Regulatory T-cells: The Face-off of the Immune Balance |
| title_full | Regulatory T-cells: The Face-off of the Immune Balance |
| title_fullStr | Regulatory T-cells: The Face-off of the Immune Balance |
| title_full_unstemmed | Regulatory T-cells: The Face-off of the Immune Balance |
| title_short | Regulatory T-cells: The Face-off of the Immune Balance |
| title_sort | regulatory t cells the face off of the immune balance |
| topic | regulatory t-cells (tregs) immune imbalance foxp3 natural treg (ntreg) induced treg (itreg) thymic treg (ttreg) peripheral treg (ptreg) |
| url | https://www.imrpress.com/journal/FBL/29/11/10.31083/j.fbl2911377 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mahmoudsinger regulatorytcellsthefaceoffoftheimmunebalance AT ahmedmelsayed regulatorytcellsthefaceoffoftheimmunebalance AT mohamedihusseiny regulatorytcellsthefaceoffoftheimmunebalance |