Synthesis and Fluorescence Mechanism of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots Utilizing Biopolymer and Urea

Fluorescent carbon dots are nontoxic nanoparticles composed of carbon, exhibiting advantageous properties for applications in bioimaging and functional materials. We present a methodology for synthesizing fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) using starch, a biopolymer, and urea as the sour...

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Main Authors: Hikaru Yorozuya, Noor E Ashrafi, Kazuya Sato, Ahatashamul Islam, Rikuto Fukae, Yusuke Tagashira, Toshifumi Iimori
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Molecules
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/9/2068
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author Hikaru Yorozuya
Noor E Ashrafi
Kazuya Sato
Ahatashamul Islam
Rikuto Fukae
Yusuke Tagashira
Toshifumi Iimori
author_facet Hikaru Yorozuya
Noor E Ashrafi
Kazuya Sato
Ahatashamul Islam
Rikuto Fukae
Yusuke Tagashira
Toshifumi Iimori
author_sort Hikaru Yorozuya
collection DOAJ
description Fluorescent carbon dots are nontoxic nanoparticles composed of carbon, exhibiting advantageous properties for applications in bioimaging and functional materials. We present a methodology for synthesizing fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) using starch, a biopolymer, and urea as the sources of nitrogen, via the microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. Furthermore, the dependence of the fluorescence spectra and fluorescence quantum yield of N-CDs on the initial concentration of urea in the reactant solution was examined, thereby providing a comprehensive understanding of the influence of nitrogen doping on the CDs. The fluorescence of N-CDs was tunable by varying the excitation wavelength. Stronger fluorescence intensity was observed for a moist phosphate salt/N-CD composite, in contrast to the weaker fluorescence exhibited by a dried one. Fluorescence lifetime measurements revealed that the change in fluorescence intensity can be attributed to the suppression of the non-radiative deactivation process. This observation highlights the critical importance of the interaction between water molecules and surface functional groups in controlling the photophysics of the excited state of N-CDs.
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institution Kabale University
issn 1420-3049
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series Molecules
spelling doaj-art-052b64161f934813ae7b3501cb64c6f02025-08-20T03:52:57ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-05-01309206810.3390/molecules30092068Synthesis and Fluorescence Mechanism of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots Utilizing Biopolymer and UreaHikaru Yorozuya0Noor E Ashrafi1Kazuya Sato2Ahatashamul Islam3Rikuto Fukae4Yusuke Tagashira5Toshifumi Iimori6Department of Sciences and Informatics, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1 Mizumoto-cho, Muroran 050-8585, JapanDepartment of Sciences and Informatics, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1 Mizumoto-cho, Muroran 050-8585, JapanDepartment of Sciences and Informatics, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1 Mizumoto-cho, Muroran 050-8585, JapanDepartment of Sciences and Informatics, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1 Mizumoto-cho, Muroran 050-8585, JapanDepartment of Sciences and Informatics, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1 Mizumoto-cho, Muroran 050-8585, JapanDepartment of Sciences and Informatics, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1 Mizumoto-cho, Muroran 050-8585, JapanDepartment of Sciences and Informatics, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1 Mizumoto-cho, Muroran 050-8585, JapanFluorescent carbon dots are nontoxic nanoparticles composed of carbon, exhibiting advantageous properties for applications in bioimaging and functional materials. We present a methodology for synthesizing fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) using starch, a biopolymer, and urea as the sources of nitrogen, via the microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. Furthermore, the dependence of the fluorescence spectra and fluorescence quantum yield of N-CDs on the initial concentration of urea in the reactant solution was examined, thereby providing a comprehensive understanding of the influence of nitrogen doping on the CDs. The fluorescence of N-CDs was tunable by varying the excitation wavelength. Stronger fluorescence intensity was observed for a moist phosphate salt/N-CD composite, in contrast to the weaker fluorescence exhibited by a dried one. Fluorescence lifetime measurements revealed that the change in fluorescence intensity can be attributed to the suppression of the non-radiative deactivation process. This observation highlights the critical importance of the interaction between water molecules and surface functional groups in controlling the photophysics of the excited state of N-CDs.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/9/2068carbon dotsstarchrenewable resource
spellingShingle Hikaru Yorozuya
Noor E Ashrafi
Kazuya Sato
Ahatashamul Islam
Rikuto Fukae
Yusuke Tagashira
Toshifumi Iimori
Synthesis and Fluorescence Mechanism of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots Utilizing Biopolymer and Urea
Molecules
carbon dots
starch
renewable resource
title Synthesis and Fluorescence Mechanism of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots Utilizing Biopolymer and Urea
title_full Synthesis and Fluorescence Mechanism of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots Utilizing Biopolymer and Urea
title_fullStr Synthesis and Fluorescence Mechanism of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots Utilizing Biopolymer and Urea
title_full_unstemmed Synthesis and Fluorescence Mechanism of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots Utilizing Biopolymer and Urea
title_short Synthesis and Fluorescence Mechanism of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots Utilizing Biopolymer and Urea
title_sort synthesis and fluorescence mechanism of nitrogen doped carbon dots utilizing biopolymer and urea
topic carbon dots
starch
renewable resource
url https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/9/2068
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