Validation of a site speciï¬c management for plant nutrition in the cocoa crop in the province of Guayas, Ecuador Validación del manejo de la nutrición por sitio especíï¬co en una plantación de cacao en la provincia de Guayas, Ecuador
<p align="justify">Validation of a site speciï¬c management for plant nutrition in the cocoa crop in the province of Guayas, Ecuador. In the cocoa crop at Las Ca&ntilde;as Farm, Puerto Inca, Canton Naranjal, province of Guayas, Ecuador, a site speciï¬c management expe...
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| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
2006-09-01
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| Series: | Acta Agronómica |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/acta_agronomica/article/view/234 |
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| Summary: | <p align="justify">Validation of a site speciï¬c management for plant nutrition in the cocoa crop in the province of Guayas, Ecuador. In the cocoa crop at Las Ca&ntilde;as Farm, Puerto Inca, Canton Naranjal, province of Guayas, Ecuador, a site speciï¬c management experiment for plant nutrition to optimize the use of fertilizers and to improve productivity was carried out. All soil and plant analysis, data yield and fertilization programs were carried out. With the aereal photograph and the map of the farm using geographic information system (GIS), the experimental plots were deï¬ned. The plantation was divided in grids of 200 by 100 m. To characterize the soil, a soil sampling until 120 cm in depth was carried out. On the other hand, to dertimine the soil spatial variability, two soil cores were taken. Each core was separated in to 0-20 and 20-40 cm segments. Six series and three classes of soil were identiï¬ed for cocoa: The class II are soils &ldquo;quite good&rdquo;, its cover 162.4 ha and represent 52.5% of the area. The class III that are &ldquo;goods soils&rdquo; occupy 56.5 ha and represent 18.3% The class IV are &ldquo;inadequate soils&rdquo; with water levels at 40 to 90 cm in depth and horizonts with stones. This area cover 62.7 ha and represent 20.2% of the total area, in which it is necessary to improve the drainage system. It was found that with a population of 2,222 plants for ha, the total nutrient uptake of N, P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, K<sub>2</sub>O, CaO, MgO and S for ha was 101, 27, 204, 69, 42, and 6 kg respectively, and with a population of 833 plants per ha, the total nutrient uptake was 50, 23, and 101, 35, 21 and 6 kg. That implementation of the site speciï¬c management for soil fertility allowed to correct problems of soil acidity and iron toxicity to improve productivity in the plots at Las Ca&ntilde;as Farm.</p><p align="justify"><strong>Key words:</strong> cacao, site speciï¬c; soil fertility; Ecuador.</p><br><p align="justify">En la plantaci&oacute;n de cacao de la hacienda Las Ca&ntilde;as, Puerto Inca, Cant&oacute;n Naranjal, provincia de El Guayas, Ecuador, se llev&oacute; a cabo un programa de manejo de la nutrici&oacute;n por sitio espec&iacute;ï¬co para optimizar el uso de fertilizantes y mejorar la productividad. Se recopilaron los an&aacute;lisis foliares, de suelos y rendimiento de los programas de fertilizaci&oacute;n empleados desde el 2000 al 2004. Con las fotograf&iacute;as a&eacute;reas y el plano de la hacienda, mediante un Sistema de Informaci&oacute;n Geogr&aacute;ï¬ca se delimitaron las parcelas experimentales. La plantaci&oacute;n se dividi&oacute; en cuadr&iacute;culas de 200 por 100 m, se realizaron barrenaciones hasta 120 cm. Para caracterizar el suelo se tomaron muestras a 0 - 20 y 20 - 40 cm para determinar la variabilidad espacial. Se identiï¬caron seis series y tres clases de suelos para cacao: La clase II, suelos &ldquo;bastante buenos&rdquo;, cubre 162.4 ha (52.5% de la superï¬cie). La clase III, suelos &ldquo;buenos&rdquo;, ocupa 56.5 ha (18.3%) y la clase IV, suelos &ldquo;inadecuados&rdquo;, con niveles fre&aacute;ticos de 40 a 99 cm de profundidad y estratos con piedras, ocup&oacute; 62.7 hect&aacute;reas (20.2%). Con 2222 plantas/ha se extrajeron 101, 27, 204, 69, 42 y 12 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> de (N, P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5,</sub> K<sub>2</sub>O, CaO, MgO y S). Con 833 plantas/ha la extracci&oacute;n fue de 50, 23, y 101, 35, 21 y 6 kg. La implantaci&oacute;n del manejo por sitio espec&iacute;ï¬co permiti&oacute; corregir problemas de acidez del suelo y toxicidad de hierro y mejorar la productividad en los lotes de la hacienda Las Ca&ntilde;as. </p><p align="justify"><strong>Palabras clave:</strong> <em>Theobroma cacao</em> (CCN-51), manejo por sitio espec&iacute;ï¬co; fertilidad de suelos; Ecuador<em>.</em></p> |
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| ISSN: | 0120-2812 |