In Vivo Cell Migration and Growth Within Electrospun Porous Nanofibrous Scaffolds with Different Pore Sizes in a Mouse Pouch Model
Cellular infiltration into traditional electrospun nanofibers (NFs) is limited due to their dense structures. We were able to obtain polycaprolactone (PCL) NFs with variable and defined pore sizes and thicknesses by using a customized programmed NF collector that controls the moving speed during ele...
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2025-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Functional Biomaterials |
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| author | David C. Markel Therese Bou-Akl Bin Wu Pawla Pawlitz Xiaowei Yu Liang Chen Tong Shi Weiping Ren |
| author_facet | David C. Markel Therese Bou-Akl Bin Wu Pawla Pawlitz Xiaowei Yu Liang Chen Tong Shi Weiping Ren |
| author_sort | David C. Markel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cellular infiltration into traditional electrospun nanofibers (NFs) is limited due to their dense structures. We were able to obtain polycaprolactone (PCL) NFs with variable and defined pore sizes and thicknesses by using a customized programmed NF collector that controls the moving speed during electrospinning. NFs obtained by this method were tested in vitro and have shown better cell proliferation within the NFs with larger pore sizes. This study investigated in vivo host cell migration and neovascularization within implanted porous PCL NF discs using a mouse pouch model. Four types of PCL NFs were prepared and classified based on the electrospinning speed: NF-zero (static control), NF-low (0.085 mm/min), NF-mid (0.158 mm/min) and NF-high (0.232 mm/min) groups. With the increase in the speed, we observed an increase in the pore area; NF-zero (11.6 ± 6.2 μm<sup>2</sup>), NF-low (37.4 ± 28.6 μm<sup>2</sup>), NF-mid (67.6 ± 54.8 μm<sup>2</sup>), and NF-high (292.3 ± 286.5 μm<sup>2</sup>) groups. The NFs were implanted into air pouches of BALB/cJ mice. Mice without NFs served as control. Animals were sacrificed at 7 and 28 days after the implantation. Pouch tissues with implanted NFs were collected for histology (<i>n</i> = three per group and time point). The efficiency of the tissue penetration into PCL NF sheets was closely linked to the pore size and area. NFs with the highest pore area had more efficient tissue migration and new blood vessel formation compared to those with a smaller pore area. No newly formed blood vessels were observed in NF-zero sheets up to 28 days. We believe that a porous NF scaffold with a controllable pore size and thickness has great potential for tissue repair/regeneration and for other healthcare applications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-04fd9bbe823d4bd49df465eead4341be |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2079-4983 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Journal of Functional Biomaterials |
| spelling | doaj-art-04fd9bbe823d4bd49df465eead4341be2025-08-20T03:14:35ZengMDPI AGJournal of Functional Biomaterials2079-49832025-05-0116518110.3390/jfb16050181In Vivo Cell Migration and Growth Within Electrospun Porous Nanofibrous Scaffolds with Different Pore Sizes in a Mouse Pouch ModelDavid C. Markel0Therese Bou-Akl1Bin Wu2Pawla Pawlitz3Xiaowei Yu4Liang Chen5Tong Shi6Weiping Ren7Department of Orthopedics, Henry Ford Providence Southfield Hospital, Southfield, MI 48075, USADepartment of Orthopedics, Henry Ford Providence Southfield Hospital, Southfield, MI 48075, USADepartment of Orthopedics, Henry Ford Providence Southfield Hospital, Southfield, MI 48075, USADepartment of Orthopedics, Henry Ford Providence Southfield Hospital, Southfield, MI 48075, USADepartment of Orthopedics, 6th People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, ChinaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USADepartment of Orthopedics, Henry Ford Providence Southfield Hospital, Southfield, MI 48075, USACellular infiltration into traditional electrospun nanofibers (NFs) is limited due to their dense structures. We were able to obtain polycaprolactone (PCL) NFs with variable and defined pore sizes and thicknesses by using a customized programmed NF collector that controls the moving speed during electrospinning. NFs obtained by this method were tested in vitro and have shown better cell proliferation within the NFs with larger pore sizes. This study investigated in vivo host cell migration and neovascularization within implanted porous PCL NF discs using a mouse pouch model. Four types of PCL NFs were prepared and classified based on the electrospinning speed: NF-zero (static control), NF-low (0.085 mm/min), NF-mid (0.158 mm/min) and NF-high (0.232 mm/min) groups. With the increase in the speed, we observed an increase in the pore area; NF-zero (11.6 ± 6.2 μm<sup>2</sup>), NF-low (37.4 ± 28.6 μm<sup>2</sup>), NF-mid (67.6 ± 54.8 μm<sup>2</sup>), and NF-high (292.3 ± 286.5 μm<sup>2</sup>) groups. The NFs were implanted into air pouches of BALB/cJ mice. Mice without NFs served as control. Animals were sacrificed at 7 and 28 days after the implantation. Pouch tissues with implanted NFs were collected for histology (<i>n</i> = three per group and time point). The efficiency of the tissue penetration into PCL NF sheets was closely linked to the pore size and area. NFs with the highest pore area had more efficient tissue migration and new blood vessel formation compared to those with a smaller pore area. No newly formed blood vessels were observed in NF-zero sheets up to 28 days. We believe that a porous NF scaffold with a controllable pore size and thickness has great potential for tissue repair/regeneration and for other healthcare applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/16/5/181porous nanofiberelectrospinningmicrostructurestissue growthmouse pouch modelregenerative medicine |
| spellingShingle | David C. Markel Therese Bou-Akl Bin Wu Pawla Pawlitz Xiaowei Yu Liang Chen Tong Shi Weiping Ren In Vivo Cell Migration and Growth Within Electrospun Porous Nanofibrous Scaffolds with Different Pore Sizes in a Mouse Pouch Model Journal of Functional Biomaterials porous nanofiber electrospinning microstructures tissue growth mouse pouch model regenerative medicine |
| title | In Vivo Cell Migration and Growth Within Electrospun Porous Nanofibrous Scaffolds with Different Pore Sizes in a Mouse Pouch Model |
| title_full | In Vivo Cell Migration and Growth Within Electrospun Porous Nanofibrous Scaffolds with Different Pore Sizes in a Mouse Pouch Model |
| title_fullStr | In Vivo Cell Migration and Growth Within Electrospun Porous Nanofibrous Scaffolds with Different Pore Sizes in a Mouse Pouch Model |
| title_full_unstemmed | In Vivo Cell Migration and Growth Within Electrospun Porous Nanofibrous Scaffolds with Different Pore Sizes in a Mouse Pouch Model |
| title_short | In Vivo Cell Migration and Growth Within Electrospun Porous Nanofibrous Scaffolds with Different Pore Sizes in a Mouse Pouch Model |
| title_sort | in vivo cell migration and growth within electrospun porous nanofibrous scaffolds with different pore sizes in a mouse pouch model |
| topic | porous nanofiber electrospinning microstructures tissue growth mouse pouch model regenerative medicine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/16/5/181 |
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