Geographical Variation in Egg Rejection by Azure‐Winged Magpies (Cyanopica cyanus) Across China

ABSTRACT Brood parasitism negatively affects the reproductive success of hosts, leading many hosts to evolve defense strategies to recognize and reject parasitized eggs. While studies have shown that hosts may adjust their defensive behavior according to parasitism risk, whether different geographic...

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Main Authors: Fudong Zhou, Yilin Lu, Jianping Liu, Wei Liang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-07-01
Series:Ecology and Evolution
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71726
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author Fudong Zhou
Yilin Lu
Jianping Liu
Wei Liang
author_facet Fudong Zhou
Yilin Lu
Jianping Liu
Wei Liang
author_sort Fudong Zhou
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Brood parasitism negatively affects the reproductive success of hosts, leading many hosts to evolve defense strategies to recognize and reject parasitized eggs. While studies have shown that hosts may adjust their defensive behavior according to parasitism risk, whether different geographical populations of the azure‐winged magpie (Cyanopica cyanus), which are parasitized by multiple cuckoo species and face varying parasitism risks, exhibit geographical variation in egg rejection behavior is unclear. As studies have shown that the color of model eggs can influence the egg rejection behavior of hosts, we also tested whether red or blue model eggs would affect the egg rejection behavior of the azure‐winged magpies. From April to June in 2023, we investigated the egg recognition ability of azure‐winged magpie populations in Fusong County, Jilin Province; Huangpi District, Hubei Province; and Luqu County, Gansu Province, China. The results showed that the azure‐winged magpie populations in all three regions rejected approximately 100% of the model eggs, with no significant difference in rejection rates between red and blue model eggs. This study revealed that Chinese populations of azure‐winged magpies exhibited high egg recognition ability. There was no geographical variation in their egg rejection behavior when presented with non‐mimetic blue or red model eggs. This study provided basic data for further research on the anti‐parasitic strategies of the azure‐winged magpie.
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issn 2045-7758
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publishDate 2025-07-01
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series Ecology and Evolution
spelling doaj-art-04fb294a74cc456cb492cf991aa30ebe2025-08-20T03:35:01ZengWileyEcology and Evolution2045-77582025-07-01157n/an/a10.1002/ece3.71726Geographical Variation in Egg Rejection by Azure‐Winged Magpies (Cyanopica cyanus) Across ChinaFudong Zhou0Yilin Lu1Jianping Liu2Wei Liang3College of Biological Sciences and Engineering North Minzu University Yinchuan ChinaCollege of Biological Sciences and Engineering North Minzu University Yinchuan ChinaCollege of Biological Sciences and Engineering North Minzu University Yinchuan ChinaMinistry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University Haikou ChinaABSTRACT Brood parasitism negatively affects the reproductive success of hosts, leading many hosts to evolve defense strategies to recognize and reject parasitized eggs. While studies have shown that hosts may adjust their defensive behavior according to parasitism risk, whether different geographical populations of the azure‐winged magpie (Cyanopica cyanus), which are parasitized by multiple cuckoo species and face varying parasitism risks, exhibit geographical variation in egg rejection behavior is unclear. As studies have shown that the color of model eggs can influence the egg rejection behavior of hosts, we also tested whether red or blue model eggs would affect the egg rejection behavior of the azure‐winged magpies. From April to June in 2023, we investigated the egg recognition ability of azure‐winged magpie populations in Fusong County, Jilin Province; Huangpi District, Hubei Province; and Luqu County, Gansu Province, China. The results showed that the azure‐winged magpie populations in all three regions rejected approximately 100% of the model eggs, with no significant difference in rejection rates between red and blue model eggs. This study revealed that Chinese populations of azure‐winged magpies exhibited high egg recognition ability. There was no geographical variation in their egg rejection behavior when presented with non‐mimetic blue or red model eggs. This study provided basic data for further research on the anti‐parasitic strategies of the azure‐winged magpie.https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71726azure‐winged magpiebrood parasitismegg rejection behaviorgeographical variation
spellingShingle Fudong Zhou
Yilin Lu
Jianping Liu
Wei Liang
Geographical Variation in Egg Rejection by Azure‐Winged Magpies (Cyanopica cyanus) Across China
Ecology and Evolution
azure‐winged magpie
brood parasitism
egg rejection behavior
geographical variation
title Geographical Variation in Egg Rejection by Azure‐Winged Magpies (Cyanopica cyanus) Across China
title_full Geographical Variation in Egg Rejection by Azure‐Winged Magpies (Cyanopica cyanus) Across China
title_fullStr Geographical Variation in Egg Rejection by Azure‐Winged Magpies (Cyanopica cyanus) Across China
title_full_unstemmed Geographical Variation in Egg Rejection by Azure‐Winged Magpies (Cyanopica cyanus) Across China
title_short Geographical Variation in Egg Rejection by Azure‐Winged Magpies (Cyanopica cyanus) Across China
title_sort geographical variation in egg rejection by azure winged magpies cyanopica cyanus across china
topic azure‐winged magpie
brood parasitism
egg rejection behavior
geographical variation
url https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71726
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AT yilinlu geographicalvariationineggrejectionbyazurewingedmagpiescyanopicacyanusacrosschina
AT jianpingliu geographicalvariationineggrejectionbyazurewingedmagpiescyanopicacyanusacrosschina
AT weiliang geographicalvariationineggrejectionbyazurewingedmagpiescyanopicacyanusacrosschina