Design, synthesis, in silico studies, and apoptotic antiproliferative activity of novel thiazole-2-acetamide derivatives as tubulin polymerization inhibitors

IntroductionTubulin polymerization inhibitors have emerged as interesting anticancer therapies. We present the design, synthesis, and structural elucidation of novel thiazole-based derivatives to identify novel tubulin inhibitors with potent antiproliferative efficacy and strong inhibition of tubuli...

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Main Authors: Lamya H. Al-Wahaibi, Ali M. Elshamsy, Taha F. S. Ali, Bahaa G. M. Youssif, Stefan Bräse, Mohamed Abdel-Aziz, Nawal A. El-Koussi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Chemistry
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2025.1565699/full
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author Lamya H. Al-Wahaibi
Ali M. Elshamsy
Taha F. S. Ali
Bahaa G. M. Youssif
Stefan Bräse
Mohamed Abdel-Aziz
Nawal A. El-Koussi
Nawal A. El-Koussi
author_facet Lamya H. Al-Wahaibi
Ali M. Elshamsy
Taha F. S. Ali
Bahaa G. M. Youssif
Stefan Bräse
Mohamed Abdel-Aziz
Nawal A. El-Koussi
Nawal A. El-Koussi
author_sort Lamya H. Al-Wahaibi
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionTubulin polymerization inhibitors have emerged as interesting anticancer therapies. We present the design, synthesis, and structural elucidation of novel thiazole-based derivatives to identify novel tubulin inhibitors with potent antiproliferative efficacy and strong inhibition of tubulin polymerization.MethodsThe novel compounds consist of two scaffolds. Scaffold A compounds 10a-e and scaffold B compounds 13a-e. the structures of the newly synthesized compounds 10a-e and 13a-e were validated using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis.Results and DiscussionThe most effective antitubulin derivative was 10a, exhibiting an IC50 value of 2.69 μM. Subsequently, 10o and 13d exhibited IC50 values of 3.62 μM and 3.68 μM, respectively. These compounds exhibited more potency than the reference combretastatin A-4, which displayed an IC50 value of 8.33 μM. These compounds had no cytotoxic effects on normal cells, preserving over 85% cell viability at 50 μM. The antiproliferative experiment demonstrated that compounds 10a, 10o, and 13d displayed significant activity against four cancer cell lines, with average GI50 values of 6, 7, and 8 μM, equivalent to the reference’s doxorubicin and sorafenib. Compounds 10a, 10o, and 13d were demonstrated to activate caspases 3, 9, and Bax, while down-regulating the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2. Molecular docking studies demonstrated superior binding affinities for 10a (-7.3 kcal/mol) at the colchicine binding site of tubulin, forming key hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions that enhance its activity. ADMET analysis confirmed favorable drug-like properties, establishing these compounds as promising candidates for further development as anticancer agents targeting tubulin polymerization.
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spelling doaj-art-04f8de57fffc48a5941eaf516c00fc1c2025-08-20T02:11:53ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Chemistry2296-26462025-04-011310.3389/fchem.2025.15656991565699Design, synthesis, in silico studies, and apoptotic antiproliferative activity of novel thiazole-2-acetamide derivatives as tubulin polymerization inhibitorsLamya H. Al-Wahaibi0Ali M. Elshamsy1Taha F. S. Ali2Bahaa G. M. Youssif3Stefan Bräse4Mohamed Abdel-Aziz5Nawal A. El-Koussi6Nawal A. El-Koussi7Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaPharmceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia, EgyptMedicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, EgyptDepartment of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, EgyptInstitute of Biological and Chemical Systems, IBCS-FMS, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, GermanyMedicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, EgyptPharmceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia, EgyptDepartment of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, EgyptIntroductionTubulin polymerization inhibitors have emerged as interesting anticancer therapies. We present the design, synthesis, and structural elucidation of novel thiazole-based derivatives to identify novel tubulin inhibitors with potent antiproliferative efficacy and strong inhibition of tubulin polymerization.MethodsThe novel compounds consist of two scaffolds. Scaffold A compounds 10a-e and scaffold B compounds 13a-e. the structures of the newly synthesized compounds 10a-e and 13a-e were validated using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis.Results and DiscussionThe most effective antitubulin derivative was 10a, exhibiting an IC50 value of 2.69 μM. Subsequently, 10o and 13d exhibited IC50 values of 3.62 μM and 3.68 μM, respectively. These compounds exhibited more potency than the reference combretastatin A-4, which displayed an IC50 value of 8.33 μM. These compounds had no cytotoxic effects on normal cells, preserving over 85% cell viability at 50 μM. The antiproliferative experiment demonstrated that compounds 10a, 10o, and 13d displayed significant activity against four cancer cell lines, with average GI50 values of 6, 7, and 8 μM, equivalent to the reference’s doxorubicin and sorafenib. Compounds 10a, 10o, and 13d were demonstrated to activate caspases 3, 9, and Bax, while down-regulating the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2. Molecular docking studies demonstrated superior binding affinities for 10a (-7.3 kcal/mol) at the colchicine binding site of tubulin, forming key hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions that enhance its activity. ADMET analysis confirmed favorable drug-like properties, establishing these compounds as promising candidates for further development as anticancer agents targeting tubulin polymerization.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2025.1565699/fulltubulincolchicineCA-4antiproliferativecell viabilitydocking
spellingShingle Lamya H. Al-Wahaibi
Ali M. Elshamsy
Taha F. S. Ali
Bahaa G. M. Youssif
Stefan Bräse
Mohamed Abdel-Aziz
Nawal A. El-Koussi
Nawal A. El-Koussi
Design, synthesis, in silico studies, and apoptotic antiproliferative activity of novel thiazole-2-acetamide derivatives as tubulin polymerization inhibitors
Frontiers in Chemistry
tubulin
colchicine
CA-4
antiproliferative
cell viability
docking
title Design, synthesis, in silico studies, and apoptotic antiproliferative activity of novel thiazole-2-acetamide derivatives as tubulin polymerization inhibitors
title_full Design, synthesis, in silico studies, and apoptotic antiproliferative activity of novel thiazole-2-acetamide derivatives as tubulin polymerization inhibitors
title_fullStr Design, synthesis, in silico studies, and apoptotic antiproliferative activity of novel thiazole-2-acetamide derivatives as tubulin polymerization inhibitors
title_full_unstemmed Design, synthesis, in silico studies, and apoptotic antiproliferative activity of novel thiazole-2-acetamide derivatives as tubulin polymerization inhibitors
title_short Design, synthesis, in silico studies, and apoptotic antiproliferative activity of novel thiazole-2-acetamide derivatives as tubulin polymerization inhibitors
title_sort design synthesis in silico studies and apoptotic antiproliferative activity of novel thiazole 2 acetamide derivatives as tubulin polymerization inhibitors
topic tubulin
colchicine
CA-4
antiproliferative
cell viability
docking
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2025.1565699/full
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