Developmental Patterns in Autism and Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Preschool Children

Background: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) encompass an inclusive group of conditions that appear during the developmental period but continue to persist in adulthood, ranging from particular difficulties to a global impairment of social, cognitive, and emotional functioning. The developmental...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Maria Eugenia Martelli, Federica Gigliotti, Federica Giovannone, Giuliana Lentini, Filippo Manti, Carla Sogos
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Children
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/12/2/125
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850082532296491008
author Maria Eugenia Martelli
Federica Gigliotti
Federica Giovannone
Giuliana Lentini
Filippo Manti
Carla Sogos
author_facet Maria Eugenia Martelli
Federica Gigliotti
Federica Giovannone
Giuliana Lentini
Filippo Manti
Carla Sogos
author_sort Maria Eugenia Martelli
collection DOAJ
description Background: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) encompass an inclusive group of conditions that appear during the developmental period but continue to persist in adulthood, ranging from particular difficulties to a global impairment of social, cognitive, and emotional functioning. The developmental trajectories associated with these conditions are highly heterogeneous. This study aimed to analyze and compare developmental and adaptive profiles of preschool-aged children with different NDDs to better characterize their developmental trajectories. Methods: We analyzed data from the initial global evaluation of 196 children with NDDs (aged 20 to 71 months), enrolled in three subgroups: 108 with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), 52 with language disorder (LD), and 36 with mixed specific developmental disorder (MSDD). A comprehensive neuropsychiatric evaluation was performed using standardized tools (Griffiths-III, ADOS-2, VABS-II, and ADI-R), and the parents completed the DP-3 and the CBCL 1½-5. Results: Our results showed that all NDDs exhibited poor psychomotor skills, with children with ASD being the most impaired, although their profiles were comparable to those of MSDD in communication and motor areas. CBCL’s pervasive developmental problem scale has been shown to provide relevant information for distinguishing children with ASD. Furthermore, DP-3 and VABS-II measure highly differentiated developmental profiles of each diagnostic group. Conclusions: Our results highlighted the importance of including parents’/caregivers’ perspectives in defining children’s functioning and the possibility of using DP-3 as a screening tool for different neurodevelopmental disorders.
format Article
id doaj-art-04f82dea04484188a05e0f3e2b96c3ad
institution DOAJ
issn 2227-9067
language English
publishDate 2025-01-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Children
spelling doaj-art-04f82dea04484188a05e0f3e2b96c3ad2025-08-20T02:44:31ZengMDPI AGChildren2227-90672025-01-0112212510.3390/children12020125Developmental Patterns in Autism and Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Preschool ChildrenMaria Eugenia Martelli0Federica Gigliotti1Federica Giovannone2Giuliana Lentini3Filippo Manti4Carla Sogos5Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, ItalyBackground: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) encompass an inclusive group of conditions that appear during the developmental period but continue to persist in adulthood, ranging from particular difficulties to a global impairment of social, cognitive, and emotional functioning. The developmental trajectories associated with these conditions are highly heterogeneous. This study aimed to analyze and compare developmental and adaptive profiles of preschool-aged children with different NDDs to better characterize their developmental trajectories. Methods: We analyzed data from the initial global evaluation of 196 children with NDDs (aged 20 to 71 months), enrolled in three subgroups: 108 with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), 52 with language disorder (LD), and 36 with mixed specific developmental disorder (MSDD). A comprehensive neuropsychiatric evaluation was performed using standardized tools (Griffiths-III, ADOS-2, VABS-II, and ADI-R), and the parents completed the DP-3 and the CBCL 1½-5. Results: Our results showed that all NDDs exhibited poor psychomotor skills, with children with ASD being the most impaired, although their profiles were comparable to those of MSDD in communication and motor areas. CBCL’s pervasive developmental problem scale has been shown to provide relevant information for distinguishing children with ASD. Furthermore, DP-3 and VABS-II measure highly differentiated developmental profiles of each diagnostic group. Conclusions: Our results highlighted the importance of including parents’/caregivers’ perspectives in defining children’s functioning and the possibility of using DP-3 as a screening tool for different neurodevelopmental disorders.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/12/2/125developmental profileadaptive profileneurodevelopmental disorderspreschool children
spellingShingle Maria Eugenia Martelli
Federica Gigliotti
Federica Giovannone
Giuliana Lentini
Filippo Manti
Carla Sogos
Developmental Patterns in Autism and Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Preschool Children
Children
developmental profile
adaptive profile
neurodevelopmental disorders
preschool children
title Developmental Patterns in Autism and Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Preschool Children
title_full Developmental Patterns in Autism and Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Preschool Children
title_fullStr Developmental Patterns in Autism and Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Preschool Children
title_full_unstemmed Developmental Patterns in Autism and Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Preschool Children
title_short Developmental Patterns in Autism and Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Preschool Children
title_sort developmental patterns in autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders in preschool children
topic developmental profile
adaptive profile
neurodevelopmental disorders
preschool children
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/12/2/125
work_keys_str_mv AT mariaeugeniamartelli developmentalpatternsinautismandotherneurodevelopmentaldisordersinpreschoolchildren
AT federicagigliotti developmentalpatternsinautismandotherneurodevelopmentaldisordersinpreschoolchildren
AT federicagiovannone developmentalpatternsinautismandotherneurodevelopmentaldisordersinpreschoolchildren
AT giulianalentini developmentalpatternsinautismandotherneurodevelopmentaldisordersinpreschoolchildren
AT filippomanti developmentalpatternsinautismandotherneurodevelopmentaldisordersinpreschoolchildren
AT carlasogos developmentalpatternsinautismandotherneurodevelopmentaldisordersinpreschoolchildren