Progestin-Primed Ovarian Stimulation with Dydrogesterone Improves Oocyte and Embryo Outcomes in Women Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization: A Randomized Controlled Study

Background: Progestin-primed ovarian stimulation (PPOS) using dydrogesterone (DYG) has emerged as a potential alternative to conventional gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH-ant) protocols for controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) cycles. However, the efficacy of the DY...

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Main Authors: Trong Thach Than, Duc Thang Le, Ha Ngoc Thien Thanh Nguyen, Thi Ngoc Chau Duong, Thai Thanh Khue Le, Manh Ha Nguyen, Hoang Le
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IMR Press 2025-04-01
Series:Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology
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Online Access:https://www.imrpress.com/journal/CEOG/52/4/10.31083/CEOG27951
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author Trong Thach Than
Duc Thang Le
Ha Ngoc Thien Thanh Nguyen
Thi Ngoc Chau Duong
Thai Thanh Khue Le
Manh Ha Nguyen
Hoang Le
author_facet Trong Thach Than
Duc Thang Le
Ha Ngoc Thien Thanh Nguyen
Thi Ngoc Chau Duong
Thai Thanh Khue Le
Manh Ha Nguyen
Hoang Le
author_sort Trong Thach Than
collection DOAJ
description Background: Progestin-primed ovarian stimulation (PPOS) using dydrogesterone (DYG) has emerged as a potential alternative to conventional gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH-ant) protocols for controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) cycles. However, the efficacy of the DYG-based PPOS regimen has not been well established. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of the DYG-based PPOS protocol compared to the conventional GnRH-ant regimen during the various stages of COS and intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) procedures. Methods: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted on 200 infertile women who underwent COS using either the GnRH-ant (n = 100) or PPOS (n = 100) protocols. Generalized linear regression analysis with the appropriate distribution was applied to estimate the adjusted effect of the PPOS protocol on oocyte maturation and retrieval, fertilization, and embryo formation. Results: Both treatment groups had comparable hormonal profiles and procedural characteristics. Compared to the GnRH-ant protocol, the PPOS protocol resulted in an average increase of 1.67 oocytes per retrieval (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.29; 3.04; p = 0.017). The PPOS protocol demonstrated a modest yet significant improvement in the likelihood of oocyte maturation, with an adjusted mean difference of 4.2% (95% CI: 0.4; 8.0; p = 0.03), corresponding to an odds ratio of 1.23 (95% CI: 1.02; 1.47; p = 0.03). The fertilization and embryo development rates (cleavage embryos and blastocysts) were similar between the two protocols. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the PPOS protocol using DYG offers a slight yet significant advantage over the GnRH-ant protocol regarding the total number of retrieved oocytes and the maturation rate, while maintaining comparable fertilization rates and embryo development outcomes. Clinical Trial Registration: The study has been registered on https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ (registration number: NCT06191809).
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series Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology
spelling doaj-art-04f7385ae2274eec82f774032bbce33e2025-08-20T02:19:34ZengIMR PressClinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology0390-66632025-04-015242795110.31083/CEOG27951S0390-6663(25)02574-6Progestin-Primed Ovarian Stimulation with Dydrogesterone Improves Oocyte and Embryo Outcomes in Women Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization: A Randomized Controlled StudyTrong Thach Than0Duc Thang Le1Ha Ngoc Thien Thanh Nguyen2Thi Ngoc Chau Duong3Thai Thanh Khue Le4Manh Ha Nguyen5Hoang Le6Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hanoi Medical University, 100000 Ha Noi, VietnamDepartment of Assisted Reproduction, Tam Anh General Hospital, 100000 Ha Noi, VietnamDepartment of Assisted Reproduction, An Sinh Hospital, 700000 Ho Chi Minh City, VietnamDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700000 Ho Chi Minh City, VietnamDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700000 Ho Chi Minh City, VietnamDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hanoi Medical University, 100000 Ha Noi, VietnamDepartment of Assisted Reproduction, Tam Anh General Hospital, 100000 Ha Noi, VietnamBackground: Progestin-primed ovarian stimulation (PPOS) using dydrogesterone (DYG) has emerged as a potential alternative to conventional gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH-ant) protocols for controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) cycles. However, the efficacy of the DYG-based PPOS regimen has not been well established. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of the DYG-based PPOS protocol compared to the conventional GnRH-ant regimen during the various stages of COS and intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) procedures. Methods: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted on 200 infertile women who underwent COS using either the GnRH-ant (n = 100) or PPOS (n = 100) protocols. Generalized linear regression analysis with the appropriate distribution was applied to estimate the adjusted effect of the PPOS protocol on oocyte maturation and retrieval, fertilization, and embryo formation. Results: Both treatment groups had comparable hormonal profiles and procedural characteristics. Compared to the GnRH-ant protocol, the PPOS protocol resulted in an average increase of 1.67 oocytes per retrieval (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.29; 3.04; p = 0.017). The PPOS protocol demonstrated a modest yet significant improvement in the likelihood of oocyte maturation, with an adjusted mean difference of 4.2% (95% CI: 0.4; 8.0; p = 0.03), corresponding to an odds ratio of 1.23 (95% CI: 1.02; 1.47; p = 0.03). The fertilization and embryo development rates (cleavage embryos and blastocysts) were similar between the two protocols. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the PPOS protocol using DYG offers a slight yet significant advantage over the GnRH-ant protocol regarding the total number of retrieved oocytes and the maturation rate, while maintaining comparable fertilization rates and embryo development outcomes. Clinical Trial Registration: The study has been registered on https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ (registration number: NCT06191809).https://www.imrpress.com/journal/CEOG/52/4/10.31083/CEOG27951controlled ovarian stimulationgnrh antagonist protocolprogestin-primed ovarian stimulation (ppos)
spellingShingle Trong Thach Than
Duc Thang Le
Ha Ngoc Thien Thanh Nguyen
Thi Ngoc Chau Duong
Thai Thanh Khue Le
Manh Ha Nguyen
Hoang Le
Progestin-Primed Ovarian Stimulation with Dydrogesterone Improves Oocyte and Embryo Outcomes in Women Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization: A Randomized Controlled Study
Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology
controlled ovarian stimulation
gnrh antagonist protocol
progestin-primed ovarian stimulation (ppos)
title Progestin-Primed Ovarian Stimulation with Dydrogesterone Improves Oocyte and Embryo Outcomes in Women Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization: A Randomized Controlled Study
title_full Progestin-Primed Ovarian Stimulation with Dydrogesterone Improves Oocyte and Embryo Outcomes in Women Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization: A Randomized Controlled Study
title_fullStr Progestin-Primed Ovarian Stimulation with Dydrogesterone Improves Oocyte and Embryo Outcomes in Women Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization: A Randomized Controlled Study
title_full_unstemmed Progestin-Primed Ovarian Stimulation with Dydrogesterone Improves Oocyte and Embryo Outcomes in Women Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization: A Randomized Controlled Study
title_short Progestin-Primed Ovarian Stimulation with Dydrogesterone Improves Oocyte and Embryo Outcomes in Women Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization: A Randomized Controlled Study
title_sort progestin primed ovarian stimulation with dydrogesterone improves oocyte and embryo outcomes in women undergoing in vitro fertilization a randomized controlled study
topic controlled ovarian stimulation
gnrh antagonist protocol
progestin-primed ovarian stimulation (ppos)
url https://www.imrpress.com/journal/CEOG/52/4/10.31083/CEOG27951
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