Performance of Different Macrophytes and Support Media in Constructed Wetlands for High Turbidity Reduction from Mine Spoil Rainwater
Surface runoff in mining areas transports dissolved and suspended particles into water bodies, known as mine spoil rainwater, contributing to increases in turbidity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of horizontal flow wetlands, free water surface (FWS), and subsurface flow (HS...
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2024-11-01
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| author | Paula Cristine Silva Gomes Isabela da Silva Pedro Rochinha Marllus Henrique Ribeiro de Paiva Aníbal da Fonseca Santiago |
| author_facet | Paula Cristine Silva Gomes Isabela da Silva Pedro Rochinha Marllus Henrique Ribeiro de Paiva Aníbal da Fonseca Santiago |
| author_sort | Paula Cristine Silva Gomes |
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| description | Surface runoff in mining areas transports dissolved and suspended particles into water bodies, known as mine spoil rainwater, contributing to increases in turbidity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of horizontal flow wetlands, free water surface (FWS), and subsurface flow (HSSF) in reducing turbidity >1500 NTU from a synthetic mine spoil rainwater. Macrophytes, support media, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and hydraulic loading rate (HLR) were analyzed. The HSSF <i>T. domingensis</i> in gravel #1 achieved a 99% reduction for 4-day HRT, with residual turbidity of 7 ± 3 NTU for 27.43 L m<sup>−2</sup> d<sup>−1</sup> HLR. The FWS <i>P. stratiotes</i> achieved a 99% reduction for 6-day HRT, with residual turbidity of 11 ± 5 NTU for 36.53 L m<sup>−2</sup> d<sup>−1</sup> HLR. <i>P. stratiotes</i> free root structures promoted interception of suspended colloidal particles, resulting in a better performance. The dense root structure of <i>T. domingensis</i> spreading through the pores of the substrate provided better efficiency than <i>N. humboldtiana</i>. However, <i>N. humboldtiana</i> proved to be promising as a native species. The use of small granulometry alkaline support media (9 to 19 mm) was highlighted. Therefore, this research proves the efficiency of constructed wetlands in reducing high turbidity and provides optimized parameters for this technology application. |
| format | Article |
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| spelling | doaj-art-04eb9fc1d53c477bb1ffeab62479d9c52025-08-20T02:43:39ZengMDPI AGResources2079-92762024-11-01131216810.3390/resources13120168Performance of Different Macrophytes and Support Media in Constructed Wetlands for High Turbidity Reduction from Mine Spoil RainwaterPaula Cristine Silva Gomes0Isabela da Silva Pedro Rochinha1Marllus Henrique Ribeiro de Paiva2Aníbal da Fonseca Santiago3Department of Civil Engineering, Morro do Cruzeiro University Campus, Bauxita, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35402-173, MG, BrazilDepartment of Civil Engineering, Morro do Cruzeiro University Campus, Bauxita, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35402-173, MG, BrazilDepartment of Civil Engineering, Morro do Cruzeiro University Campus, Bauxita, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35402-173, MG, BrazilDepartment of Civil Engineering, Morro do Cruzeiro University Campus, Bauxita, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35402-173, MG, BrazilSurface runoff in mining areas transports dissolved and suspended particles into water bodies, known as mine spoil rainwater, contributing to increases in turbidity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of horizontal flow wetlands, free water surface (FWS), and subsurface flow (HSSF) in reducing turbidity >1500 NTU from a synthetic mine spoil rainwater. Macrophytes, support media, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and hydraulic loading rate (HLR) were analyzed. The HSSF <i>T. domingensis</i> in gravel #1 achieved a 99% reduction for 4-day HRT, with residual turbidity of 7 ± 3 NTU for 27.43 L m<sup>−2</sup> d<sup>−1</sup> HLR. The FWS <i>P. stratiotes</i> achieved a 99% reduction for 6-day HRT, with residual turbidity of 11 ± 5 NTU for 36.53 L m<sup>−2</sup> d<sup>−1</sup> HLR. <i>P. stratiotes</i> free root structures promoted interception of suspended colloidal particles, resulting in a better performance. The dense root structure of <i>T. domingensis</i> spreading through the pores of the substrate provided better efficiency than <i>N. humboldtiana</i>. However, <i>N. humboldtiana</i> proved to be promising as a native species. The use of small granulometry alkaline support media (9 to 19 mm) was highlighted. Therefore, this research proves the efficiency of constructed wetlands in reducing high turbidity and provides optimized parameters for this technology application.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9276/13/12/168colloidal particleshydraulic retention timehydraulic loading rateleaf chlorophyllroot systemssuspended solids trapping |
| spellingShingle | Paula Cristine Silva Gomes Isabela da Silva Pedro Rochinha Marllus Henrique Ribeiro de Paiva Aníbal da Fonseca Santiago Performance of Different Macrophytes and Support Media in Constructed Wetlands for High Turbidity Reduction from Mine Spoil Rainwater Resources colloidal particles hydraulic retention time hydraulic loading rate leaf chlorophyll root systems suspended solids trapping |
| title | Performance of Different Macrophytes and Support Media in Constructed Wetlands for High Turbidity Reduction from Mine Spoil Rainwater |
| title_full | Performance of Different Macrophytes and Support Media in Constructed Wetlands for High Turbidity Reduction from Mine Spoil Rainwater |
| title_fullStr | Performance of Different Macrophytes and Support Media in Constructed Wetlands for High Turbidity Reduction from Mine Spoil Rainwater |
| title_full_unstemmed | Performance of Different Macrophytes and Support Media in Constructed Wetlands for High Turbidity Reduction from Mine Spoil Rainwater |
| title_short | Performance of Different Macrophytes and Support Media in Constructed Wetlands for High Turbidity Reduction from Mine Spoil Rainwater |
| title_sort | performance of different macrophytes and support media in constructed wetlands for high turbidity reduction from mine spoil rainwater |
| topic | colloidal particles hydraulic retention time hydraulic loading rate leaf chlorophyll root systems suspended solids trapping |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9276/13/12/168 |
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