Toward Secure and Transparent Global Authentication: A Blockchain-Based System Integrating Biometrics and Subscriber Identification Module

The growing reliance on e-government services necessitates robust and secure user authentication. Existing solutions often suffer from limitations such as lack of transparency, compromise of user privacy, and reliance on a central server, thus introducing a single point of failure (SPOF). This paper...

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Main Authors: Navid Khalili, Dimitrios Makrakis, Yaser Baseri, Abdelhakim Senhaji Hafid
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10921714/
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author Navid Khalili
Dimitrios Makrakis
Yaser Baseri
Abdelhakim Senhaji Hafid
author_facet Navid Khalili
Dimitrios Makrakis
Yaser Baseri
Abdelhakim Senhaji Hafid
author_sort Navid Khalili
collection DOAJ
description The growing reliance on e-government services necessitates robust and secure user authentication. Existing solutions often suffer from limitations such as lack of transparency, compromise of user privacy, and reliance on a central server, thus introducing a single point of failure (SPOF). This paper proposes B2-GAS, a novel Biometric and Blockchain-based Global Authentication System, that addresses these shortcomings. B2-GAS leverages user biometrics on smartphones for strong identification and isolates sensitive cryptographic operations within a secure enclave on a SIM card. This approach safeguards user privacy and data security. By employing blockchain technology, B2-GAS eliminates SPOFs, ensures tamper-proof transaction storage, and guarantees transparency. Unlike existing protocols, which often rely on theoretical analysis, B2-GAS utilizes an emulated environment to assess its performance under realistic conditions. This allows for a more practical evaluation compared to purely theoretical approaches. B2-GAS exerts multiple factors during authentication including biometrics, a password, and a secret parameter to further enhance security. Rigorous security proofs demonstrate B2-GAS’s resistance to user impersonation, offline password-guessing, replay attacks, and brute-force attempts. Evaluation using the emulated environment and blockchain simulations demonstrates B2-GAS security parameters, performance, and computational overheads. By combining biometrics, secure SIM enclaves, and blockchain, B2-GAS offers a unique and robust authentication solution for diverse e-government services in smart cities.
format Article
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issn 2169-3536
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spelling doaj-art-04e20e5364bc4192b136dd8f40c1a72c2025-08-20T03:02:55ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-0113459364595010.1109/ACCESS.2025.355030210921714Toward Secure and Transparent Global Authentication: A Blockchain-Based System Integrating Biometrics and Subscriber Identification ModuleNavid Khalili0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7244-2340Dimitrios Makrakis1Yaser Baseri2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5725-5184Abdelhakim Senhaji Hafid3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8597-7344School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CanadaSchool of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CanadaDepartment of Computer Science and Operations Research, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, CanadaDepartment of Computer Science and Operations Research, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, CanadaThe growing reliance on e-government services necessitates robust and secure user authentication. Existing solutions often suffer from limitations such as lack of transparency, compromise of user privacy, and reliance on a central server, thus introducing a single point of failure (SPOF). This paper proposes B2-GAS, a novel Biometric and Blockchain-based Global Authentication System, that addresses these shortcomings. B2-GAS leverages user biometrics on smartphones for strong identification and isolates sensitive cryptographic operations within a secure enclave on a SIM card. This approach safeguards user privacy and data security. By employing blockchain technology, B2-GAS eliminates SPOFs, ensures tamper-proof transaction storage, and guarantees transparency. Unlike existing protocols, which often rely on theoretical analysis, B2-GAS utilizes an emulated environment to assess its performance under realistic conditions. This allows for a more practical evaluation compared to purely theoretical approaches. B2-GAS exerts multiple factors during authentication including biometrics, a password, and a secret parameter to further enhance security. Rigorous security proofs demonstrate B2-GAS’s resistance to user impersonation, offline password-guessing, replay attacks, and brute-force attempts. Evaluation using the emulated environment and blockchain simulations demonstrates B2-GAS security parameters, performance, and computational overheads. By combining biometrics, secure SIM enclaves, and blockchain, B2-GAS offers a unique and robust authentication solution for diverse e-government services in smart cities.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10921714/Authenticationsmart cardbiometricssmart citiesblockchaine-government
spellingShingle Navid Khalili
Dimitrios Makrakis
Yaser Baseri
Abdelhakim Senhaji Hafid
Toward Secure and Transparent Global Authentication: A Blockchain-Based System Integrating Biometrics and Subscriber Identification Module
IEEE Access
Authentication
smart card
biometrics
smart cities
blockchain
e-government
title Toward Secure and Transparent Global Authentication: A Blockchain-Based System Integrating Biometrics and Subscriber Identification Module
title_full Toward Secure and Transparent Global Authentication: A Blockchain-Based System Integrating Biometrics and Subscriber Identification Module
title_fullStr Toward Secure and Transparent Global Authentication: A Blockchain-Based System Integrating Biometrics and Subscriber Identification Module
title_full_unstemmed Toward Secure and Transparent Global Authentication: A Blockchain-Based System Integrating Biometrics and Subscriber Identification Module
title_short Toward Secure and Transparent Global Authentication: A Blockchain-Based System Integrating Biometrics and Subscriber Identification Module
title_sort toward secure and transparent global authentication a blockchain based system integrating biometrics and subscriber identification module
topic Authentication
smart card
biometrics
smart cities
blockchain
e-government
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10921714/
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AT yaserbaseri towardsecureandtransparentglobalauthenticationablockchainbasedsystemintegratingbiometricsandsubscriberidentificationmodule
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