Association of early versus late care seeking for sport-related concussion in adolescent athletes in Canada: a historical cohort study
Objectives This study aims to examine the association of time to recovery between early versus late presentation to outpatient community-based concussion management clinics following sport-related concussion (SRC) among adolescent Canadian athletes.Methods Using electronic health records (between Ja...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMJ Publishing Group
2025-02-01
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| Series: | BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine |
| Online Access: | https://bmjopensem.bmj.com/content/11/1/e002241.full |
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| author | Sheilah Hogg-Johnson Carolina Cancelliere Cameron Marshall Darrin Germann Mohsen Kazemi David Youngwoo Oh |
| author_facet | Sheilah Hogg-Johnson Carolina Cancelliere Cameron Marshall Darrin Germann Mohsen Kazemi David Youngwoo Oh |
| author_sort | Sheilah Hogg-Johnson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives This study aims to examine the association of time to recovery between early versus late presentation to outpatient community-based concussion management clinics following sport-related concussion (SRC) among adolescent Canadian athletes.Methods Using electronic health records (between January 2017 and December 2019) from the Complete Concussion Management Inc (CCMI) database, this was a historical cohort study of Canadian athletes aged 12–18 presenting for care early (0–7 days) or late (8–28 days) after SRC. Time-to-recovery was defined as the date of clinician clearance to return to sport. Propensity scores were first derived from logistic regression with early versus late clinical presentation as the outcome. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was then used to model the relationship between early versus late clinical presentation and time to recovery, while including the propensity score to adjust for confounding. The association was expressed using hazard rate ratios (HRR) with 95% CIs.Results A total of 4696 patient records (mean age of 14.71 (±1.69 SD); 57.7% male) were eligible. Early presentation to a concussion management clinic following SRC was associated with faster time to recovery (adjusted HRR 1.23; 95% CI 1.14 to 1.32, p<0.001). This association was consistent within each quintile of the propensity score. The median time to recovery was 18 versus 22 days in the early and late groups, respectively.Conclusion Adolescent athletes with SRC have favourable recovery trajectories when presenting for care up to 28 days. Time to recovery (clinician clearance to return to sport) may be quicker with an earlier presentation which can lead to a faster return to sport. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-04e0e29a8cda494681640c57251fe6c8 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2055-7647 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-04e0e29a8cda494681640c57251fe6c82025-02-08T17:20:12ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine2055-76472025-02-0111110.1136/bmjsem-2024-002241Association of early versus late care seeking for sport-related concussion in adolescent athletes in Canada: a historical cohort studySheilah Hogg-Johnson0Carolina Cancelliere1Cameron Marshall2Darrin Germann3Mohsen Kazemi4David Youngwoo Oh5Research, Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaFaculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada4Complete Concussion Management Inc., Toronto, Canada1Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College – Department of Graduate Studies, Toronto, Canada1Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College – Department of Graduate Studies, Toronto, CanadaGraduate Studies, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaObjectives This study aims to examine the association of time to recovery between early versus late presentation to outpatient community-based concussion management clinics following sport-related concussion (SRC) among adolescent Canadian athletes.Methods Using electronic health records (between January 2017 and December 2019) from the Complete Concussion Management Inc (CCMI) database, this was a historical cohort study of Canadian athletes aged 12–18 presenting for care early (0–7 days) or late (8–28 days) after SRC. Time-to-recovery was defined as the date of clinician clearance to return to sport. Propensity scores were first derived from logistic regression with early versus late clinical presentation as the outcome. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was then used to model the relationship between early versus late clinical presentation and time to recovery, while including the propensity score to adjust for confounding. The association was expressed using hazard rate ratios (HRR) with 95% CIs.Results A total of 4696 patient records (mean age of 14.71 (±1.69 SD); 57.7% male) were eligible. Early presentation to a concussion management clinic following SRC was associated with faster time to recovery (adjusted HRR 1.23; 95% CI 1.14 to 1.32, p<0.001). This association was consistent within each quintile of the propensity score. The median time to recovery was 18 versus 22 days in the early and late groups, respectively.Conclusion Adolescent athletes with SRC have favourable recovery trajectories when presenting for care up to 28 days. Time to recovery (clinician clearance to return to sport) may be quicker with an earlier presentation which can lead to a faster return to sport.https://bmjopensem.bmj.com/content/11/1/e002241.full |
| spellingShingle | Sheilah Hogg-Johnson Carolina Cancelliere Cameron Marshall Darrin Germann Mohsen Kazemi David Youngwoo Oh Association of early versus late care seeking for sport-related concussion in adolescent athletes in Canada: a historical cohort study BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine |
| title | Association of early versus late care seeking for sport-related concussion in adolescent athletes in Canada: a historical cohort study |
| title_full | Association of early versus late care seeking for sport-related concussion in adolescent athletes in Canada: a historical cohort study |
| title_fullStr | Association of early versus late care seeking for sport-related concussion in adolescent athletes in Canada: a historical cohort study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association of early versus late care seeking for sport-related concussion in adolescent athletes in Canada: a historical cohort study |
| title_short | Association of early versus late care seeking for sport-related concussion in adolescent athletes in Canada: a historical cohort study |
| title_sort | association of early versus late care seeking for sport related concussion in adolescent athletes in canada a historical cohort study |
| url | https://bmjopensem.bmj.com/content/11/1/e002241.full |
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