Two-dimensional C20-based monolayers and heterostructures for photocatalytic overall water splitting

Abstract C20, as the smallest carbon cage, possesses unique properties but has not been extensively explored for photocatalytic overall water splitting. This study proposes three two-dimensional (2D) C20-based monolayers (α-C20, β-C20, and γ-C20) as potential photocatalysts for efficient water split...

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Main Authors: Miao Liu, Chuan-Lu Yang, Xiaohu Li, Li-Bo Zhan, Yongqing Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:npj 2D Materials and Applications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41699-025-00545-5
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author Miao Liu
Chuan-Lu Yang
Xiaohu Li
Li-Bo Zhan
Yongqing Li
author_facet Miao Liu
Chuan-Lu Yang
Xiaohu Li
Li-Bo Zhan
Yongqing Li
author_sort Miao Liu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract C20, as the smallest carbon cage, possesses unique properties but has not been extensively explored for photocatalytic overall water splitting. This study proposes three two-dimensional (2D) C20-based monolayers (α-C20, β-C20, and γ-C20) as potential photocatalysts for efficient water splitting with direct Z-scheme. α-C20 monolayer has ideal band edges for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with a Gibbs free energy of 0.0147 eV. GeS2/α-C20, MoS2/β-C20, SnS2/β-C20, and SnSSe/β-C20 heterostructures are developed. However, γ-C20-based heterostructures did not meet the Z-scheme requirements. Notably, the solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiency for the SnSSe/β-C20 heterostructure can reach 27.54%. The favorable Gibbs free energies indicate that both HER and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) can occur spontaneously within suitable pH ranges. Nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations show that the lifetimes of photoexcited carriers in the GeS2/α-C20 heterostructure are in the nanosecond range, suggesting robust photocatalytic activity. These results offer valuable insights into the potential of C20-based photocatalysts for water-splitting applications.
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spelling doaj-art-04db61a15ce648f0bbca49c8529a87b82025-08-20T03:07:41ZengNature Portfolionpj 2D Materials and Applications2397-71322025-04-019111210.1038/s41699-025-00545-5Two-dimensional C20-based monolayers and heterostructures for photocatalytic overall water splittingMiao Liu0Chuan-Lu Yang1Xiaohu Li2Li-Bo Zhan3Yongqing Li4School of Physics, Liaoning UniversitySchool of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ludong UniversityXinjiang Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of SciencesBasic Medical College, Binzhou Medical UniversitySchool of Physics, Liaoning UniversityAbstract C20, as the smallest carbon cage, possesses unique properties but has not been extensively explored for photocatalytic overall water splitting. This study proposes three two-dimensional (2D) C20-based monolayers (α-C20, β-C20, and γ-C20) as potential photocatalysts for efficient water splitting with direct Z-scheme. α-C20 monolayer has ideal band edges for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with a Gibbs free energy of 0.0147 eV. GeS2/α-C20, MoS2/β-C20, SnS2/β-C20, and SnSSe/β-C20 heterostructures are developed. However, γ-C20-based heterostructures did not meet the Z-scheme requirements. Notably, the solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiency for the SnSSe/β-C20 heterostructure can reach 27.54%. The favorable Gibbs free energies indicate that both HER and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) can occur spontaneously within suitable pH ranges. Nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations show that the lifetimes of photoexcited carriers in the GeS2/α-C20 heterostructure are in the nanosecond range, suggesting robust photocatalytic activity. These results offer valuable insights into the potential of C20-based photocatalysts for water-splitting applications.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41699-025-00545-5
spellingShingle Miao Liu
Chuan-Lu Yang
Xiaohu Li
Li-Bo Zhan
Yongqing Li
Two-dimensional C20-based monolayers and heterostructures for photocatalytic overall water splitting
npj 2D Materials and Applications
title Two-dimensional C20-based monolayers and heterostructures for photocatalytic overall water splitting
title_full Two-dimensional C20-based monolayers and heterostructures for photocatalytic overall water splitting
title_fullStr Two-dimensional C20-based monolayers and heterostructures for photocatalytic overall water splitting
title_full_unstemmed Two-dimensional C20-based monolayers and heterostructures for photocatalytic overall water splitting
title_short Two-dimensional C20-based monolayers and heterostructures for photocatalytic overall water splitting
title_sort two dimensional c20 based monolayers and heterostructures for photocatalytic overall water splitting
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41699-025-00545-5
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AT xiaohuli twodimensionalc20basedmonolayersandheterostructuresforphotocatalyticoverallwatersplitting
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