Revealing the Demographic History of the European Nightjar (Caprimulgus europaeus)
ABSTRACT A species' demographic history gives important context to contemporary population genetics and a possible insight into past responses to climate change; with an individual's genome providing a window into the evolutionary history of contemporary populations. Pairwise sequentially...
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Wiley
2024-10-01
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| Series: | Ecology and Evolution |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70460 |
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| author | George Day Graeme Fox Helen Hipperson Kathryn H. Maher Rachel Tucker Gavin J. Horsburgh Dean Waters Kate L. Durant Terry Burke Jon Slate Kathryn E. Arnold |
| author_facet | George Day Graeme Fox Helen Hipperson Kathryn H. Maher Rachel Tucker Gavin J. Horsburgh Dean Waters Kate L. Durant Terry Burke Jon Slate Kathryn E. Arnold |
| author_sort | George Day |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT A species' demographic history gives important context to contemporary population genetics and a possible insight into past responses to climate change; with an individual's genome providing a window into the evolutionary history of contemporary populations. Pairwise sequentially Markovian coalescent (PSMC) analysis uses information from a single genome to derive fluctuations in effective population size change over the last ~5 million years. Here, we apply PSMC analysis to two European nightjar (Caprimulgus europaeus) genomes, sampled in Northwest and Southern Europe, with the aim of revealing the demographic history of nightjar in Europe. We successfully reconstructed effective population size over the last 5 million years. Our analysis shows that in response to global climate change, the effective population size of nightjar broadly increased under stable warm periods and decreased during cooler spans and prolonged glacial periods. PSMC analysis on the pseudo‐diploid combination of the two genomes revealed fluctuations in gene flow between ancestral populations over time, with gene flow ceasing by the last‐glacial period. Our results are tentatively suggestive of divergence in the European nightjar population, with timings consistent with differentiation being driven by restriction to different refugia during periods of glaciation. Finally, our results suggest that migratory behaviour in nightjar likely evolved prior to the last‐glacial period, with long‐distance migration seemingly persisting throughout the Pleistocene. However, further genetic structure analysis of individuals from known breeding sites across the species' contemporary range is needed to understand the extent and origins of range‐wide differentiation in nightjar. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-04daf5778b6b4c3f9f030d08a3f2b34a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-7758 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecology and Evolution |
| spelling | doaj-art-04daf5778b6b4c3f9f030d08a3f2b34a2024-12-20T09:05:59ZengWileyEcology and Evolution2045-77582024-10-011410n/an/a10.1002/ece3.70460Revealing the Demographic History of the European Nightjar (Caprimulgus europaeus)George Day0Graeme Fox1Helen Hipperson2Kathryn H. Maher3Rachel Tucker4Gavin J. Horsburgh5Dean Waters6Kate L. Durant7Terry Burke8Jon Slate9Kathryn E. Arnold10Department of Environment and Geography University of York York UKNERC Environmental "Omics Facility ‐ Visitor Facility School of Biosciences Sheffield UKNERC Environmental "Omics Facility ‐ Visitor Facility School of Biosciences Sheffield UKNERC Environmental "Omics Facility ‐ Visitor Facility School of Biosciences Sheffield UKNERC Environmental "Omics Facility ‐ Visitor Facility School of Biosciences Sheffield UKNERC Environmental "Omics Facility ‐ Visitor Facility School of Biosciences Sheffield UKDepartment of Environment and Geography University of York York UKBritish Antarctic Survey Cambridge UKNERC Environmental "Omics Facility ‐ Visitor Facility School of Biosciences Sheffield UKNERC Environmental "Omics Facility ‐ Visitor Facility School of Biosciences Sheffield UKDepartment of Environment and Geography University of York York UKABSTRACT A species' demographic history gives important context to contemporary population genetics and a possible insight into past responses to climate change; with an individual's genome providing a window into the evolutionary history of contemporary populations. Pairwise sequentially Markovian coalescent (PSMC) analysis uses information from a single genome to derive fluctuations in effective population size change over the last ~5 million years. Here, we apply PSMC analysis to two European nightjar (Caprimulgus europaeus) genomes, sampled in Northwest and Southern Europe, with the aim of revealing the demographic history of nightjar in Europe. We successfully reconstructed effective population size over the last 5 million years. Our analysis shows that in response to global climate change, the effective population size of nightjar broadly increased under stable warm periods and decreased during cooler spans and prolonged glacial periods. PSMC analysis on the pseudo‐diploid combination of the two genomes revealed fluctuations in gene flow between ancestral populations over time, with gene flow ceasing by the last‐glacial period. Our results are tentatively suggestive of divergence in the European nightjar population, with timings consistent with differentiation being driven by restriction to different refugia during periods of glaciation. Finally, our results suggest that migratory behaviour in nightjar likely evolved prior to the last‐glacial period, with long‐distance migration seemingly persisting throughout the Pleistocene. However, further genetic structure analysis of individuals from known breeding sites across the species' contemporary range is needed to understand the extent and origins of range‐wide differentiation in nightjar.https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70460Caprimulgus europaeusconservation genomicsdemographyPSMCrefugia |
| spellingShingle | George Day Graeme Fox Helen Hipperson Kathryn H. Maher Rachel Tucker Gavin J. Horsburgh Dean Waters Kate L. Durant Terry Burke Jon Slate Kathryn E. Arnold Revealing the Demographic History of the European Nightjar (Caprimulgus europaeus) Ecology and Evolution Caprimulgus europaeus conservation genomics demography PSMC refugia |
| title | Revealing the Demographic History of the European Nightjar (Caprimulgus europaeus) |
| title_full | Revealing the Demographic History of the European Nightjar (Caprimulgus europaeus) |
| title_fullStr | Revealing the Demographic History of the European Nightjar (Caprimulgus europaeus) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Revealing the Demographic History of the European Nightjar (Caprimulgus europaeus) |
| title_short | Revealing the Demographic History of the European Nightjar (Caprimulgus europaeus) |
| title_sort | revealing the demographic history of the european nightjar caprimulgus europaeus |
| topic | Caprimulgus europaeus conservation genomics demography PSMC refugia |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70460 |
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