The timescale and direction of influence of a third inferior alternative in human value-learning

Abstract The way humans and other animals represent the values of alternatives is context-dependent, as it can be distorted by inferior alternatives that are immediately available for choice (immediate context); or that were encountered in previous episodes (temporal context). Yet, the extent to whi...

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Main Authors: Maryam Tohidi-Moghaddam, Konstantinos Tsetsos
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Communications Psychology
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s44271-025-00229-2
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author Maryam Tohidi-Moghaddam
Konstantinos Tsetsos
author_facet Maryam Tohidi-Moghaddam
Konstantinos Tsetsos
author_sort Maryam Tohidi-Moghaddam
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The way humans and other animals represent the values of alternatives is context-dependent, as it can be distorted by inferior alternatives that are immediately available for choice (immediate context); or that were encountered in previous episodes (temporal context). Yet, the extent to which the immediate and temporal context (co-) shape context-dependent valuation remains unclear. Here, we asked human participants (onsite: N = 30, online: N = 68) to learn the values associated with three alternatives and explicitly report these values before making binary and ternary choices among the alternatives. We show that context-dependent valuation is evident in the pre-choice value estimates and manifests equally in binary and ternary choices. Accordingly, we conclude that value representations are modulated by the temporal (and not the immediate) context. The direction and across-participants variability of this modulation cannot be captured by extant normalization theories but by a mechanism constructing values through sequential binary comparisons.
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spelling doaj-art-04d4782d93be41e6807ef697c9138a3c2025-08-20T02:08:11ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Psychology2731-91212025-04-013111410.1038/s44271-025-00229-2The timescale and direction of influence of a third inferior alternative in human value-learningMaryam Tohidi-Moghaddam0Konstantinos Tsetsos1Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfDepartment of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfAbstract The way humans and other animals represent the values of alternatives is context-dependent, as it can be distorted by inferior alternatives that are immediately available for choice (immediate context); or that were encountered in previous episodes (temporal context). Yet, the extent to which the immediate and temporal context (co-) shape context-dependent valuation remains unclear. Here, we asked human participants (onsite: N = 30, online: N = 68) to learn the values associated with three alternatives and explicitly report these values before making binary and ternary choices among the alternatives. We show that context-dependent valuation is evident in the pre-choice value estimates and manifests equally in binary and ternary choices. Accordingly, we conclude that value representations are modulated by the temporal (and not the immediate) context. The direction and across-participants variability of this modulation cannot be captured by extant normalization theories but by a mechanism constructing values through sequential binary comparisons.https://doi.org/10.1038/s44271-025-00229-2
spellingShingle Maryam Tohidi-Moghaddam
Konstantinos Tsetsos
The timescale and direction of influence of a third inferior alternative in human value-learning
Communications Psychology
title The timescale and direction of influence of a third inferior alternative in human value-learning
title_full The timescale and direction of influence of a third inferior alternative in human value-learning
title_fullStr The timescale and direction of influence of a third inferior alternative in human value-learning
title_full_unstemmed The timescale and direction of influence of a third inferior alternative in human value-learning
title_short The timescale and direction of influence of a third inferior alternative in human value-learning
title_sort timescale and direction of influence of a third inferior alternative in human value learning
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s44271-025-00229-2
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