Evaluation of Immune Responses to Tdap Booster During Pregnancy in Women Who Received Whole Cell or Acellular Pertussis Vaccines During Childhood

Pertussis, caused by Bordetella pertussis (Bp), results in severe morbidity and mortality in infants. Since 2012, the tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis (Tdap) booster vaccine is recommended during every pregnancy to protect infants who are too young to be immunized. While infants of whole cell pertu...

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Main Authors: Jesse M. Hall, Kyle J. Caution, Kia J.A. Holt, Yash A. Gupta, Myra Guo, Umul Q. Mir, Tami H. Skoff, Susan Hariri, Xueliang Pan, Brett Worly, Purnima Dubey
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-08-01
Series:Emerging Microbes and Infections
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2025.2547732
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author Jesse M. Hall
Kyle J. Caution
Kia J.A. Holt
Yash A. Gupta
Myra Guo
Umul Q. Mir
Tami H. Skoff
Susan Hariri
Xueliang Pan
Brett Worly
Purnima Dubey
author_facet Jesse M. Hall
Kyle J. Caution
Kia J.A. Holt
Yash A. Gupta
Myra Guo
Umul Q. Mir
Tami H. Skoff
Susan Hariri
Xueliang Pan
Brett Worly
Purnima Dubey
author_sort Jesse M. Hall
collection DOAJ
description Pertussis, caused by Bordetella pertussis (Bp), results in severe morbidity and mortality in infants. Since 2012, the tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis (Tdap) booster vaccine is recommended during every pregnancy to protect infants who are too young to be immunized. While infants of whole cell pertussis vaccine (wPV)-primed pregnant individuals are well protected from severe disease, the effectiveness of this strategy has not been assessed in acellular pertussis vaccine (aPV)-primed pregnant women. Our primary objective was to compare the cellular and humoral immune responses following Tdap booster in pregnant participants who received the wPV or aPV as infants. As a secondary objective we compared responses of pregnant women to wPV- and aPV-primed non-pregnant controls. All pertussis and non-pertussis specific serum antibody levels increased post-Tdap booster in aPV- and wPV-primed groups. Antibody avidity was higher in wPV-primed pregnant participants compared to aPV-primed pregnant women before and after Tdap booster. In contrast, antibody opsonic activity remained unchanged in either priming group. Antibody secreting cells specific for all pertussis and non-pertussis antigens increased following booster immunization. Expression of early T cell activation markers OX-40, PD-L1 and CD25 and cytokines IFNγ, IL-17 and IL-4 showed that T cell function was unaffected by Tdap booster and maintained the phenotypes elicited by the childhood priming vaccine. Secondary analysis showed that antibody and T cell responses to Tdap booster were higher in nonpregnant control participants compared to pregnant women, suggesting that responses to Tdap booster were blunted in pregnancy.
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spelling doaj-art-04d396dcc9f6490a984677f82eded1752025-08-20T04:01:00ZengTaylor & Francis GroupEmerging Microbes and Infections2222-17512025-08-0110.1080/22221751.2025.2547732Evaluation of Immune Responses to Tdap Booster During Pregnancy in Women Who Received Whole Cell or Acellular Pertussis Vaccines During ChildhoodJesse M. Hall0Kyle J. Caution1Kia J.A. Holt2Yash A. Gupta3Myra Guo4Umul Q. Mir5Tami H. Skoff6Susan Hariri7Xueliang Pan8Brett Worly9Purnima Dubey10Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210Meningitis, Pertussis, and Diphtheria Epidemiology Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta GAMeningitis, Pertussis, and Diphtheria Epidemiology Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta GADepartment of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus OH 43210Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210Pertussis, caused by Bordetella pertussis (Bp), results in severe morbidity and mortality in infants. Since 2012, the tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis (Tdap) booster vaccine is recommended during every pregnancy to protect infants who are too young to be immunized. While infants of whole cell pertussis vaccine (wPV)-primed pregnant individuals are well protected from severe disease, the effectiveness of this strategy has not been assessed in acellular pertussis vaccine (aPV)-primed pregnant women. Our primary objective was to compare the cellular and humoral immune responses following Tdap booster in pregnant participants who received the wPV or aPV as infants. As a secondary objective we compared responses of pregnant women to wPV- and aPV-primed non-pregnant controls. All pertussis and non-pertussis specific serum antibody levels increased post-Tdap booster in aPV- and wPV-primed groups. Antibody avidity was higher in wPV-primed pregnant participants compared to aPV-primed pregnant women before and after Tdap booster. In contrast, antibody opsonic activity remained unchanged in either priming group. Antibody secreting cells specific for all pertussis and non-pertussis antigens increased following booster immunization. Expression of early T cell activation markers OX-40, PD-L1 and CD25 and cytokines IFNγ, IL-17 and IL-4 showed that T cell function was unaffected by Tdap booster and maintained the phenotypes elicited by the childhood priming vaccine. Secondary analysis showed that antibody and T cell responses to Tdap booster were higher in nonpregnant control participants compared to pregnant women, suggesting that responses to Tdap booster were blunted in pregnancy.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2025.2547732pertussisvaccinationmaternalTdaphumoral immunitycellular immunity
spellingShingle Jesse M. Hall
Kyle J. Caution
Kia J.A. Holt
Yash A. Gupta
Myra Guo
Umul Q. Mir
Tami H. Skoff
Susan Hariri
Xueliang Pan
Brett Worly
Purnima Dubey
Evaluation of Immune Responses to Tdap Booster During Pregnancy in Women Who Received Whole Cell or Acellular Pertussis Vaccines During Childhood
Emerging Microbes and Infections
pertussis
vaccination
maternal
Tdap
humoral immunity
cellular immunity
title Evaluation of Immune Responses to Tdap Booster During Pregnancy in Women Who Received Whole Cell or Acellular Pertussis Vaccines During Childhood
title_full Evaluation of Immune Responses to Tdap Booster During Pregnancy in Women Who Received Whole Cell or Acellular Pertussis Vaccines During Childhood
title_fullStr Evaluation of Immune Responses to Tdap Booster During Pregnancy in Women Who Received Whole Cell or Acellular Pertussis Vaccines During Childhood
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of Immune Responses to Tdap Booster During Pregnancy in Women Who Received Whole Cell or Acellular Pertussis Vaccines During Childhood
title_short Evaluation of Immune Responses to Tdap Booster During Pregnancy in Women Who Received Whole Cell or Acellular Pertussis Vaccines During Childhood
title_sort evaluation of immune responses to tdap booster during pregnancy in women who received whole cell or acellular pertussis vaccines during childhood
topic pertussis
vaccination
maternal
Tdap
humoral immunity
cellular immunity
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2025.2547732
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