Methods of Dietary Sodium Estimation

Excessive dietary sodium intake is found to be associated with high blood pressure and its consequences such as cardiovascular disease and stroke. Daily sodium intake is found to vary from place to place as it is dependent on geography, ethnicity, socioeconomic factors, etc. In this review, we summa...

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Main Authors: P. Aparna, Harshal Ramesh Salve, Anand Krishnan, Ramakrishnan Lakshmy, Sanjeev Kumar Gupta, Baridalyne Nongkynrih
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2021-10-01
Series:Indian Journal of Medical Specialities
Subjects:
Online Access:https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/injms.injms_97_21
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author P. Aparna
Harshal Ramesh Salve
Anand Krishnan
Ramakrishnan Lakshmy
Sanjeev Kumar Gupta
Baridalyne Nongkynrih
author_facet P. Aparna
Harshal Ramesh Salve
Anand Krishnan
Ramakrishnan Lakshmy
Sanjeev Kumar Gupta
Baridalyne Nongkynrih
author_sort P. Aparna
collection DOAJ
description Excessive dietary sodium intake is found to be associated with high blood pressure and its consequences such as cardiovascular disease and stroke. Daily sodium intake is found to vary from place to place as it is dependent on geography, ethnicity, socioeconomic factors, etc. In this review, we summarize the various methods of assessment of daily sodium intake such as dietary estimation methods using 24-h dietary recall, food frequency questionnaire and diet record, and biochemical methods using 24-h urine sodium or spot urine sodium estimation. Daily sodium intake estimated with spot urine sodium is dependent on the equation used to convert spot urine sodium to 24-h urine sodium. To identify the appropriate equation, validation studies need to be conducted. Population level sodium intake and it's monitoring is important for reduction of noncommunicable diseases.
format Article
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institution Kabale University
issn 0976-2884
0976-2892
language English
publishDate 2021-10-01
publisher Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
record_format Article
series Indian Journal of Medical Specialities
spelling doaj-art-04b9dce9db5c4eb9baf1727eb446235f2025-08-25T08:38:03ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsIndian Journal of Medical Specialities0976-28840976-28922021-10-0112418318710.4103/injms.injms_97_21Methods of Dietary Sodium EstimationP. AparnaHarshal Ramesh SalveAnand KrishnanRamakrishnan LakshmySanjeev Kumar GuptaBaridalyne NongkynrihExcessive dietary sodium intake is found to be associated with high blood pressure and its consequences such as cardiovascular disease and stroke. Daily sodium intake is found to vary from place to place as it is dependent on geography, ethnicity, socioeconomic factors, etc. In this review, we summarize the various methods of assessment of daily sodium intake such as dietary estimation methods using 24-h dietary recall, food frequency questionnaire and diet record, and biochemical methods using 24-h urine sodium or spot urine sodium estimation. Daily sodium intake estimated with spot urine sodium is dependent on the equation used to convert spot urine sodium to 24-h urine sodium. To identify the appropriate equation, validation studies need to be conducted. Population level sodium intake and it's monitoring is important for reduction of noncommunicable diseases.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/injms.injms_97_21dietestimationmethodsaltsodiumurine
spellingShingle P. Aparna
Harshal Ramesh Salve
Anand Krishnan
Ramakrishnan Lakshmy
Sanjeev Kumar Gupta
Baridalyne Nongkynrih
Methods of Dietary Sodium Estimation
Indian Journal of Medical Specialities
diet
estimation
method
salt
sodium
urine
title Methods of Dietary Sodium Estimation
title_full Methods of Dietary Sodium Estimation
title_fullStr Methods of Dietary Sodium Estimation
title_full_unstemmed Methods of Dietary Sodium Estimation
title_short Methods of Dietary Sodium Estimation
title_sort methods of dietary sodium estimation
topic diet
estimation
method
salt
sodium
urine
url https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/injms.injms_97_21
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AT anandkrishnan methodsofdietarysodiumestimation
AT ramakrishnanlakshmy methodsofdietarysodiumestimation
AT sanjeevkumargupta methodsofdietarysodiumestimation
AT baridalynenongkynrih methodsofdietarysodiumestimation