Formalization of Side-Aware DNA Origami Words and Their Rewriting System, and Equivalent Classes

DNA origami is a powerful technique for constructing nanoscale structures by folding a single-stranded DNA scaffold with short staple strands. While traditional models assume staples bind to a fixed side of the scaffold, we introduce a side-aware DNA origami framework that incorporates the direction...

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Main Author: Da-Jung Cho
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Mathematics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/6/895
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author Da-Jung Cho
author_facet Da-Jung Cho
author_sort Da-Jung Cho
collection DOAJ
description DNA origami is a powerful technique for constructing nanoscale structures by folding a single-stranded DNA scaffold with short staple strands. While traditional models assume staples bind to a fixed side of the scaffold, we introduce a side-aware DNA origami framework that incorporates the directional binding of staples to either the left or right side. The graphical representation of DNA origami is described using rectangular basic modules of scaffolds and staples, which we refer to as symbols in side-aware DNA origami words. We further define the concatenation of these symbols to represent side-aware DNA origami words. A set of rewriting rules is introduced to define equivalent words that correspond to the same graphical structure. Finally, we compute the number of possible structures by determining the equivalence classes of these words.
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spelling doaj-art-04a90a8749df42e69ef8687397e163232025-08-20T03:43:27ZengMDPI AGMathematics2227-73902025-03-0113689510.3390/math13060895Formalization of Side-Aware DNA Origami Words and Their Rewriting System, and Equivalent ClassesDa-Jung Cho0Department of Software and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of KoreaDNA origami is a powerful technique for constructing nanoscale structures by folding a single-stranded DNA scaffold with short staple strands. While traditional models assume staples bind to a fixed side of the scaffold, we introduce a side-aware DNA origami framework that incorporates the directional binding of staples to either the left or right side. The graphical representation of DNA origami is described using rectangular basic modules of scaffolds and staples, which we refer to as symbols in side-aware DNA origami words. We further define the concatenation of these symbols to represent side-aware DNA origami words. A set of rewriting rules is introduced to define equivalent words that correspond to the same graphical structure. Finally, we compute the number of possible structures by determining the equivalence classes of these words.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/6/895DNA origami wordsrewriting systemequivalent graphical structuresequivalent class
spellingShingle Da-Jung Cho
Formalization of Side-Aware DNA Origami Words and Their Rewriting System, and Equivalent Classes
Mathematics
DNA origami words
rewriting system
equivalent graphical structures
equivalent class
title Formalization of Side-Aware DNA Origami Words and Their Rewriting System, and Equivalent Classes
title_full Formalization of Side-Aware DNA Origami Words and Their Rewriting System, and Equivalent Classes
title_fullStr Formalization of Side-Aware DNA Origami Words and Their Rewriting System, and Equivalent Classes
title_full_unstemmed Formalization of Side-Aware DNA Origami Words and Their Rewriting System, and Equivalent Classes
title_short Formalization of Side-Aware DNA Origami Words and Their Rewriting System, and Equivalent Classes
title_sort formalization of side aware dna origami words and their rewriting system and equivalent classes
topic DNA origami words
rewriting system
equivalent graphical structures
equivalent class
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/6/895
work_keys_str_mv AT dajungcho formalizationofsideawarednaorigamiwordsandtheirrewritingsystemandequivalentclasses