Long-acting injectable biologics: a game-changer in immunopharmacology

Long-acting injectable (LAI) biologics, a class of agents consisting of a biologically active compound – the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) – and polymers that form a microparticle, suspension, or hydrogel, have recently emerged as a potentially revolutionizing modality in immunopharmacology...

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Main Authors: Ayat Abdulkhaleq Jawad, Zainab M. Abdulkhaleq, Amjad I. Oraibi, Mostafa Adnan abdalrahman, Haithem N. Abed, Hiba A. Aziz, Sura Sagban Abid Ali, Dhuha Mahdi Al-bahrani, Usama S. Altimari, Mohammed Abed Jawad, Hany Akeel Al-hussaniy
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Pensoft Publishers 2025-08-01
Series:Pharmacia
Online Access:https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/154045/download/pdf/
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author Ayat Abdulkhaleq Jawad
Zainab M. Abdulkhaleq
Amjad I. Oraibi
Mostafa Adnan abdalrahman
Haithem N. Abed
Hiba A. Aziz
Sura Sagban Abid Ali
Dhuha Mahdi Al-bahrani
Usama S. Altimari
Mohammed Abed Jawad
Hany Akeel Al-hussaniy
author_facet Ayat Abdulkhaleq Jawad
Zainab M. Abdulkhaleq
Amjad I. Oraibi
Mostafa Adnan abdalrahman
Haithem N. Abed
Hiba A. Aziz
Sura Sagban Abid Ali
Dhuha Mahdi Al-bahrani
Usama S. Altimari
Mohammed Abed Jawad
Hany Akeel Al-hussaniy
author_sort Ayat Abdulkhaleq Jawad
collection DOAJ
description Long-acting injectable (LAI) biologics, a class of agents consisting of a biologically active compound – the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) – and polymers that form a microparticle, suspension, or hydrogel, have recently emerged as a potentially revolutionizing modality in immunopharmacology. LAIs are a type of controlled drug delivery system administered parenterally via deep and lateral muscle tissue or the fat layer below the skin. After injection, the polymers biodegrade gradually, and the API is released slowly within a therapeutic window that lasts from weeks to months. Due to its multi-daily oral administration, LAIs offer several advantages, primarily enhanced compliance, better control of plasma levels by avoiding spikes, reduced risk of human error, and the potential for use in cases of psychophysical syndromes. In recent years, the biotech industry has invested heavily in biologics research and development, resulting in the increasing use of biologic APIs and pharmaceutical excipients in nanoformulations for novel LAI products. This new generation of LAIs may alter the pharmacokinetic profile and injection site response, thereby changing and broadening the histological and immunohistochemical aspects of the long-residing depot created at the injection site. Thus, investigating LAI formulations is of the utmost importance. The novelty and complexity of these agents make it essential to assess the potential risks associated with their use and to promote pre-market managerial strategies to mitigate such risks. Therefore, this manuscript aims to provide a systematic analysis of the toxic and inflammatory responses to therapeutic LAI formulations in rodent and non-rodent models.
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spelling doaj-art-04a0bd9ccfcc4195baec3c27bfc1270d2025-08-22T07:30:25ZengPensoft PublishersPharmacia2603-557X2025-08-01721910.3897/pharmacia.72.e154045154045Long-acting injectable biologics: a game-changer in immunopharmacologyAyat Abdulkhaleq Jawad0Zainab M. Abdulkhaleq1Amjad I. Oraibi2Mostafa Adnan abdalrahman3Haithem N. Abed4Hiba A. Aziz5Sura Sagban Abid Ali6Dhuha Mahdi Al-bahrani7Usama S. Altimari8Mohammed Abed Jawad9Hany Akeel Al-hussaniy10Al-Farahidi UniversityAlMustafa UniversityAl-Manara College for Medical SciencesAl-Nisour University CollegeBilad Alrafidain UniversityBilad Alrafidain UniversityBilad Alrafidain UniversityAl-Zahraa University for WomenAL-Nisour University CollegeAl-Nisour University CollegeIraqi Medical Research CenterLong-acting injectable (LAI) biologics, a class of agents consisting of a biologically active compound – the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) – and polymers that form a microparticle, suspension, or hydrogel, have recently emerged as a potentially revolutionizing modality in immunopharmacology. LAIs are a type of controlled drug delivery system administered parenterally via deep and lateral muscle tissue or the fat layer below the skin. After injection, the polymers biodegrade gradually, and the API is released slowly within a therapeutic window that lasts from weeks to months. Due to its multi-daily oral administration, LAIs offer several advantages, primarily enhanced compliance, better control of plasma levels by avoiding spikes, reduced risk of human error, and the potential for use in cases of psychophysical syndromes. In recent years, the biotech industry has invested heavily in biologics research and development, resulting in the increasing use of biologic APIs and pharmaceutical excipients in nanoformulations for novel LAI products. This new generation of LAIs may alter the pharmacokinetic profile and injection site response, thereby changing and broadening the histological and immunohistochemical aspects of the long-residing depot created at the injection site. Thus, investigating LAI formulations is of the utmost importance. The novelty and complexity of these agents make it essential to assess the potential risks associated with their use and to promote pre-market managerial strategies to mitigate such risks. Therefore, this manuscript aims to provide a systematic analysis of the toxic and inflammatory responses to therapeutic LAI formulations in rodent and non-rodent models.https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/154045/download/pdf/
spellingShingle Ayat Abdulkhaleq Jawad
Zainab M. Abdulkhaleq
Amjad I. Oraibi
Mostafa Adnan abdalrahman
Haithem N. Abed
Hiba A. Aziz
Sura Sagban Abid Ali
Dhuha Mahdi Al-bahrani
Usama S. Altimari
Mohammed Abed Jawad
Hany Akeel Al-hussaniy
Long-acting injectable biologics: a game-changer in immunopharmacology
Pharmacia
title Long-acting injectable biologics: a game-changer in immunopharmacology
title_full Long-acting injectable biologics: a game-changer in immunopharmacology
title_fullStr Long-acting injectable biologics: a game-changer in immunopharmacology
title_full_unstemmed Long-acting injectable biologics: a game-changer in immunopharmacology
title_short Long-acting injectable biologics: a game-changer in immunopharmacology
title_sort long acting injectable biologics a game changer in immunopharmacology
url https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/154045/download/pdf/
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