Zero-Sum-Game-Based Fixed-Time Event-Triggered Optimal Consensus Control of Multi-Agent Systems Under FDI Attacks

This paper concentrates on the fixed-time optimal consensus issue of multi-agent systems (MASs) under false data injection (FDI) attacks. To mitigate FDI attacks on sensors and actuators that may cause systems to deviate from the reference trajectory, a zero-sum game framework is established, where...

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Main Authors: Jing Yang, Ruihong Li, Qintao Gan, Xinxin Huang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Mathematics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/3/543
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author Jing Yang
Ruihong Li
Qintao Gan
Xinxin Huang
author_facet Jing Yang
Ruihong Li
Qintao Gan
Xinxin Huang
author_sort Jing Yang
collection DOAJ
description This paper concentrates on the fixed-time optimal consensus issue of multi-agent systems (MASs) under false data injection (FDI) attacks. To mitigate FDI attacks on sensors and actuators that may cause systems to deviate from the reference trajectory, a zero-sum game framework is established, where the secure control protocol aims at the better system performance, yet the attacker plays a contrary role. By solving the Hamilton–Jacobi–Isaacs (HJI) equation related to the zero-sum game, an optimal secure tracking controller based on the event-triggered mechanism (ETM) is obtained to decrease the consumption of system resources while the fixed-time consensus can be guaranteed. Moreover, a critic-only online reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm is proposed to approximate the optimal policy, in which the critic neural networks are constructed by the experience replay-based approach. The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems are adopted to verify the feasibility of the presented approach.
format Article
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institution OA Journals
issn 2227-7390
language English
publishDate 2025-02-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series Mathematics
spelling doaj-art-049c5a60bb314cffb41ee7f0df29cf042025-08-20T02:12:28ZengMDPI AGMathematics2227-73902025-02-0113354310.3390/math13030543Zero-Sum-Game-Based Fixed-Time Event-Triggered Optimal Consensus Control of Multi-Agent Systems Under FDI AttacksJing Yang0Ruihong Li1Qintao Gan2Xinxin Huang3Shijiazhuang Campus, Army Engineering University of PLA, Shijiazhuang 050003, ChinaShijiazhuang Campus, Army Engineering University of PLA, Shijiazhuang 050003, ChinaShijiazhuang Campus, Army Engineering University of PLA, Shijiazhuang 050003, ChinaShijiazhuang Campus, Army Engineering University of PLA, Shijiazhuang 050003, ChinaThis paper concentrates on the fixed-time optimal consensus issue of multi-agent systems (MASs) under false data injection (FDI) attacks. To mitigate FDI attacks on sensors and actuators that may cause systems to deviate from the reference trajectory, a zero-sum game framework is established, where the secure control protocol aims at the better system performance, yet the attacker plays a contrary role. By solving the Hamilton–Jacobi–Isaacs (HJI) equation related to the zero-sum game, an optimal secure tracking controller based on the event-triggered mechanism (ETM) is obtained to decrease the consumption of system resources while the fixed-time consensus can be guaranteed. Moreover, a critic-only online reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm is proposed to approximate the optimal policy, in which the critic neural networks are constructed by the experience replay-based approach. The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems are adopted to verify the feasibility of the presented approach.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/3/543multi-agent systemsFDI attackszero-sum gamefixed-time optimal consensus
spellingShingle Jing Yang
Ruihong Li
Qintao Gan
Xinxin Huang
Zero-Sum-Game-Based Fixed-Time Event-Triggered Optimal Consensus Control of Multi-Agent Systems Under FDI Attacks
Mathematics
multi-agent systems
FDI attacks
zero-sum game
fixed-time optimal consensus
title Zero-Sum-Game-Based Fixed-Time Event-Triggered Optimal Consensus Control of Multi-Agent Systems Under FDI Attacks
title_full Zero-Sum-Game-Based Fixed-Time Event-Triggered Optimal Consensus Control of Multi-Agent Systems Under FDI Attacks
title_fullStr Zero-Sum-Game-Based Fixed-Time Event-Triggered Optimal Consensus Control of Multi-Agent Systems Under FDI Attacks
title_full_unstemmed Zero-Sum-Game-Based Fixed-Time Event-Triggered Optimal Consensus Control of Multi-Agent Systems Under FDI Attacks
title_short Zero-Sum-Game-Based Fixed-Time Event-Triggered Optimal Consensus Control of Multi-Agent Systems Under FDI Attacks
title_sort zero sum game based fixed time event triggered optimal consensus control of multi agent systems under fdi attacks
topic multi-agent systems
FDI attacks
zero-sum game
fixed-time optimal consensus
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/3/543
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AT ruihongli zerosumgamebasedfixedtimeeventtriggeredoptimalconsensuscontrolofmultiagentsystemsunderfdiattacks
AT qintaogan zerosumgamebasedfixedtimeeventtriggeredoptimalconsensuscontrolofmultiagentsystemsunderfdiattacks
AT xinxinhuang zerosumgamebasedfixedtimeeventtriggeredoptimalconsensuscontrolofmultiagentsystemsunderfdiattacks