An agroecological assessment of uncrewed aerial vehicle spraying in Greek viticulture

Spraying pesticides with uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) in European viticulture is currently only allowed when there are no viable alternatives or if it provides environmental and human health benefits. Using Greece as a case study, this analysis investigated the agroecological performance of UAV s...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Elias Maritan, Evangelos Anastasiou, Vasilis Psiroukis, James Lowenberg-DeBoer, Spyros Fountas, Karl Behrendt
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-03-01
Series:Smart Agricultural Technology
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277237552500070X
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850054110948098048
author Elias Maritan
Evangelos Anastasiou
Vasilis Psiroukis
James Lowenberg-DeBoer
Spyros Fountas
Karl Behrendt
author_facet Elias Maritan
Evangelos Anastasiou
Vasilis Psiroukis
James Lowenberg-DeBoer
Spyros Fountas
Karl Behrendt
author_sort Elias Maritan
collection DOAJ
description Spraying pesticides with uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) in European viticulture is currently only allowed when there are no viable alternatives or if it provides environmental and human health benefits. Using Greece as a case study, this analysis investigated the agroecological performance of UAV spraying in comparison with land-based pesticide application. A multi-objective linear programming model assessed farmer preferences for spraying pesticides with ground equipment or a UAV. Farmers concerned with non-economic goals preferred UAV targeted pesticide application, while production-orientated farmers favoured ground spraying. Depending on disease pressure, UAV spraying generated annual savings of €278–377 ha-1 on a flat vineyard compared to a trailed vine sprayer and €367–538 ha-1 on a steep-slope vineyard compared to a backpack sprayer. However, the estimated costs of custom-hiring UAVs in Greece made UAV spraying less profitable except in conditions of simultaneous extreme labour scarcity and high disease pressure on the steep-slope vineyard. UAV aerial broadcast had an environmental impact comparable to ground spraying, but UAV spot-spraying mitigated ecotoxicological risks of pesticide use by 46–50 %. Both UAV spraying methods substantially reduced human exposure to pesticides. In current regulation, UAV aerial broadcast would only be allowed in steep-slope viticulture if seasonal labour was unavailable. UAV spot-spraying could be permitted on both vineyards, but it would be economically feasible if hiring fees were €43–49 ha-1. The study concludes with recommendations to promote UAV spraying adoption among European farmers thereby contributing to the EU objectives to halve pesticide use and risk while potentially resolving labour availability challenges on abandonment-prone vineyards.
format Article
id doaj-art-0489483efaf4432bbd8477ae4ac77b52
institution DOAJ
issn 2772-3755
language English
publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series Smart Agricultural Technology
spelling doaj-art-0489483efaf4432bbd8477ae4ac77b522025-08-20T02:52:21ZengElsevierSmart Agricultural Technology2772-37552025-03-011010083710.1016/j.atech.2025.100837An agroecological assessment of uncrewed aerial vehicle spraying in Greek viticultureElias Maritan0Evangelos Anastasiou1Vasilis Psiroukis2James Lowenberg-DeBoer3Spyros Fountas4Karl Behrendt5Harper Adams Business School, Harper Adams University, TF10 8NB Newport, United Kingdom; Corresponding author.Department of Natural Resources Management and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Natural Resources Management and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, GreeceHarper Adams Business School, Harper Adams University, TF10 8NB Newport, United KingdomDepartment of Natural Resources Management and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, GreeceHarper Adams Business School, Harper Adams University, TF10 8NB Newport, United KingdomSpraying pesticides with uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) in European viticulture is currently only allowed when there are no viable alternatives or if it provides environmental and human health benefits. Using Greece as a case study, this analysis investigated the agroecological performance of UAV spraying in comparison with land-based pesticide application. A multi-objective linear programming model assessed farmer preferences for spraying pesticides with ground equipment or a UAV. Farmers concerned with non-economic goals preferred UAV targeted pesticide application, while production-orientated farmers favoured ground spraying. Depending on disease pressure, UAV spraying generated annual savings of €278–377 ha-1 on a flat vineyard compared to a trailed vine sprayer and €367–538 ha-1 on a steep-slope vineyard compared to a backpack sprayer. However, the estimated costs of custom-hiring UAVs in Greece made UAV spraying less profitable except in conditions of simultaneous extreme labour scarcity and high disease pressure on the steep-slope vineyard. UAV aerial broadcast had an environmental impact comparable to ground spraying, but UAV spot-spraying mitigated ecotoxicological risks of pesticide use by 46–50 %. Both UAV spraying methods substantially reduced human exposure to pesticides. In current regulation, UAV aerial broadcast would only be allowed in steep-slope viticulture if seasonal labour was unavailable. UAV spot-spraying could be permitted on both vineyards, but it would be economically feasible if hiring fees were €43–49 ha-1. The study concludes with recommendations to promote UAV spraying adoption among European farmers thereby contributing to the EU objectives to halve pesticide use and risk while potentially resolving labour availability challenges on abandonment-prone vineyards.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277237552500070XUAV sprayingRegulationProfitabilityEnvironmental riskPesticide exposureMulti-criteria
spellingShingle Elias Maritan
Evangelos Anastasiou
Vasilis Psiroukis
James Lowenberg-DeBoer
Spyros Fountas
Karl Behrendt
An agroecological assessment of uncrewed aerial vehicle spraying in Greek viticulture
Smart Agricultural Technology
UAV spraying
Regulation
Profitability
Environmental risk
Pesticide exposure
Multi-criteria
title An agroecological assessment of uncrewed aerial vehicle spraying in Greek viticulture
title_full An agroecological assessment of uncrewed aerial vehicle spraying in Greek viticulture
title_fullStr An agroecological assessment of uncrewed aerial vehicle spraying in Greek viticulture
title_full_unstemmed An agroecological assessment of uncrewed aerial vehicle spraying in Greek viticulture
title_short An agroecological assessment of uncrewed aerial vehicle spraying in Greek viticulture
title_sort agroecological assessment of uncrewed aerial vehicle spraying in greek viticulture
topic UAV spraying
Regulation
Profitability
Environmental risk
Pesticide exposure
Multi-criteria
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277237552500070X
work_keys_str_mv AT eliasmaritan anagroecologicalassessmentofuncrewedaerialvehiclesprayingingreekviticulture
AT evangelosanastasiou anagroecologicalassessmentofuncrewedaerialvehiclesprayingingreekviticulture
AT vasilispsiroukis anagroecologicalassessmentofuncrewedaerialvehiclesprayingingreekviticulture
AT jameslowenbergdeboer anagroecologicalassessmentofuncrewedaerialvehiclesprayingingreekviticulture
AT spyrosfountas anagroecologicalassessmentofuncrewedaerialvehiclesprayingingreekviticulture
AT karlbehrendt anagroecologicalassessmentofuncrewedaerialvehiclesprayingingreekviticulture
AT eliasmaritan agroecologicalassessmentofuncrewedaerialvehiclesprayingingreekviticulture
AT evangelosanastasiou agroecologicalassessmentofuncrewedaerialvehiclesprayingingreekviticulture
AT vasilispsiroukis agroecologicalassessmentofuncrewedaerialvehiclesprayingingreekviticulture
AT jameslowenbergdeboer agroecologicalassessmentofuncrewedaerialvehiclesprayingingreekviticulture
AT spyrosfountas agroecologicalassessmentofuncrewedaerialvehiclesprayingingreekviticulture
AT karlbehrendt agroecologicalassessmentofuncrewedaerialvehiclesprayingingreekviticulture