Innovative Detachable Two-Way Wheelchair Propulsion System: Enhancing Mobility and Exercise for Spinal Cord Injury Users

Background: Prolonged manual wheelchair usage often leads to musculoskeletal disorders in the upper body of individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) due to repetitive, unidirectional movements. To mitigate these issues, targeted exercise of the back muscles—particularly those involving pulling move...

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Main Authors: Jiyoung Park, Eunchae Kang, Seon-Deok Eun, Dongheon Kang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/9/4663
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author Jiyoung Park
Eunchae Kang
Seon-Deok Eun
Dongheon Kang
author_facet Jiyoung Park
Eunchae Kang
Seon-Deok Eun
Dongheon Kang
author_sort Jiyoung Park
collection DOAJ
description Background: Prolonged manual wheelchair usage often leads to musculoskeletal disorders in the upper body of individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) due to repetitive, unidirectional movements. To mitigate these issues, targeted exercise of the back muscles—particularly those involving pulling movements of the arms and shoulders—is recommended. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a detachable, two-way propulsion system for manual wheelchairs, enabling propulsion through both pushing forward and pulling backward on the wheelchair pushrims. Methods: The propulsion system was engineered using a planetary gear train to facilitate dual-direction propulsion. Specifically, the planetary gear reverses the rotational direction, allowing the wheelchair to advance forward even when users pull the pushrims backward. Thus, the wheelchair can move forward through either pushing forward or pulling backward actions. Results: A prototype of the proposed system was fabricated using 3D printing technology and its functionality was verified. The prototype successfully demonstrated the two-way propulsion capability and the operation of the attachment mechanism. Additionally, the pilot test confirmed that an individual with SCI was able to propel a manual wheelchair equipped with the two-way propulsion system using both propulsion methods and switch between the methods independently while maintaining stability and safety throughout the test. Conclusion: The developed detachable two-way propulsion system shows significant promise as both a mobility aid and an exercise device, potentially reducing musculoskeletal complications among individuals with SCI who regularly utilize manual wheelchairs.
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spelling doaj-art-04863d76a7334daeb1447b4f19daf9dd2025-08-20T03:49:22ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-04-01159466310.3390/app15094663Innovative Detachable Two-Way Wheelchair Propulsion System: Enhancing Mobility and Exercise for Spinal Cord Injury UsersJiyoung Park0Eunchae Kang1Seon-Deok Eun2Dongheon Kang3Department of Safety and Health, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Healthcare and Public Health Research, National Rehabilitation Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Seoul 01022, Republic of KoreaAssistive Technology Research Team for Independent Living, National Rehabilitation Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Seoul 01022, Republic of KoreaAssistive Technology Research Team for Independent Living, National Rehabilitation Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Seoul 01022, Republic of KoreaBackground: Prolonged manual wheelchair usage often leads to musculoskeletal disorders in the upper body of individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) due to repetitive, unidirectional movements. To mitigate these issues, targeted exercise of the back muscles—particularly those involving pulling movements of the arms and shoulders—is recommended. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a detachable, two-way propulsion system for manual wheelchairs, enabling propulsion through both pushing forward and pulling backward on the wheelchair pushrims. Methods: The propulsion system was engineered using a planetary gear train to facilitate dual-direction propulsion. Specifically, the planetary gear reverses the rotational direction, allowing the wheelchair to advance forward even when users pull the pushrims backward. Thus, the wheelchair can move forward through either pushing forward or pulling backward actions. Results: A prototype of the proposed system was fabricated using 3D printing technology and its functionality was verified. The prototype successfully demonstrated the two-way propulsion capability and the operation of the attachment mechanism. Additionally, the pilot test confirmed that an individual with SCI was able to propel a manual wheelchair equipped with the two-way propulsion system using both propulsion methods and switch between the methods independently while maintaining stability and safety throughout the test. Conclusion: The developed detachable two-way propulsion system shows significant promise as both a mobility aid and an exercise device, potentially reducing musculoskeletal complications among individuals with SCI who regularly utilize manual wheelchairs.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/9/4663wheelchairsshoulder painmusculoskeletal diseasesrehabilitationspinal cord injury
spellingShingle Jiyoung Park
Eunchae Kang
Seon-Deok Eun
Dongheon Kang
Innovative Detachable Two-Way Wheelchair Propulsion System: Enhancing Mobility and Exercise for Spinal Cord Injury Users
Applied Sciences
wheelchairs
shoulder pain
musculoskeletal diseases
rehabilitation
spinal cord injury
title Innovative Detachable Two-Way Wheelchair Propulsion System: Enhancing Mobility and Exercise for Spinal Cord Injury Users
title_full Innovative Detachable Two-Way Wheelchair Propulsion System: Enhancing Mobility and Exercise for Spinal Cord Injury Users
title_fullStr Innovative Detachable Two-Way Wheelchair Propulsion System: Enhancing Mobility and Exercise for Spinal Cord Injury Users
title_full_unstemmed Innovative Detachable Two-Way Wheelchair Propulsion System: Enhancing Mobility and Exercise for Spinal Cord Injury Users
title_short Innovative Detachable Two-Way Wheelchair Propulsion System: Enhancing Mobility and Exercise for Spinal Cord Injury Users
title_sort innovative detachable two way wheelchair propulsion system enhancing mobility and exercise for spinal cord injury users
topic wheelchairs
shoulder pain
musculoskeletal diseases
rehabilitation
spinal cord injury
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/9/4663
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AT eunchaekang innovativedetachabletwowaywheelchairpropulsionsystemenhancingmobilityandexerciseforspinalcordinjuryusers
AT seondeokeun innovativedetachabletwowaywheelchairpropulsionsystemenhancingmobilityandexerciseforspinalcordinjuryusers
AT dongheonkang innovativedetachabletwowaywheelchairpropulsionsystemenhancingmobilityandexerciseforspinalcordinjuryusers