Preoperative assessment of tumor consistency and gross total resection in pituitary adenoma: Radiomic analysis of T2-weighted MRI and interpretation of contributing radiomic features

Background: Preoperative knowledge of tumor consistency and the likelihood of gross total resection (GTR) would greatly benefit planning of pituitary adenoma surgery, however, no reliable methods currently exist. Objectives: To evaluate the utility of radiomic analysis of MRI for predicting tumor co...

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Main Authors: Martin Černý, Vojtěch Sedlák, Martin Májovský, Petr Vacek, Kateřina Sajfrídová, Kíra R. Patai, Alexia-Ştefana Mârza, David Netuka
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-01-01
Series:Brain and Spine
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772529425000566
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author Martin Černý
Vojtěch Sedlák
Martin Májovský
Petr Vacek
Kateřina Sajfrídová
Kíra R. Patai
Alexia-Ştefana Mârza
David Netuka
author_facet Martin Černý
Vojtěch Sedlák
Martin Májovský
Petr Vacek
Kateřina Sajfrídová
Kíra R. Patai
Alexia-Ştefana Mârza
David Netuka
author_sort Martin Černý
collection DOAJ
description Background: Preoperative knowledge of tumor consistency and the likelihood of gross total resection (GTR) would greatly benefit planning of pituitary adenoma surgery, however, no reliable methods currently exist. Objectives: To evaluate the utility of radiomic analysis of MRI for predicting tumor consistency and GTR. To explore the interpretability of contributing radiomic features. Methods: Patients undergoing first endoscopic surgery for pituitary macroadenomas were included. Tumor consistency was assessed intraoperatively, GTR was assessed based on postoperative MRI. Radiomic features were extracted from axial T2-weighted MRI. Low-variability and highly intercorrelated features were removed. Random Forest Classifiers were optimized using 70 % of patient data and evaluated on the remaining 30 %. Relative feature importance was assessed using the Gini–Simpson index. Results: 542 patients were included. GTR was achieved in 325 (60.0 %) cases, firm tumors were encountered in 122 (22.5 %) cases. There was a significant correlation between GTR and tumor consistency (67.1 % vs. 35.2 %, p < 0.001). 1688 radiomic variables were extracted, 442 were removed due to low variance and 699 due to high intercorrelation. The consistency prediction model achieved an accuracy of 81.6 % and utilized 32 features, GTR prediction model achieved 79.1 % accuracy using 73 features. Conclusions: Radiomic analysis demonstrated significant potential for preoperative evaluation of pituitary adenomas. Texture and intensity-based features were the primary contributors to consistency prediction. However, the explanation of these features was insufficient. GTR prediction was predominantly driven by shape-related features. Our findings highlight the challenges of linking radiomic features to underlying tissue properties and emphasize the need for cautious interpretation.
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spelling doaj-art-0485e84a26434413836f89e275eeea5a2025-08-20T02:10:20ZengElsevierBrain and Spine2772-52942025-01-01510423710.1016/j.bas.2025.104237Preoperative assessment of tumor consistency and gross total resection in pituitary adenoma: Radiomic analysis of T2-weighted MRI and interpretation of contributing radiomic featuresMartin Černý0Vojtěch Sedlák1Martin Májovský2Petr Vacek3Kateřina Sajfrídová4Kíra R. Patai5Alexia-Ştefana Mârza6David Netuka7Department of Neurosurgery and Neurooncology, Military University Hospital Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Radiodiagnostics, Military University Hospital Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Neurosurgery and Neurooncology, Military University Hospital Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Neurosurgery and Neurooncology, Military University Hospital Prague, Czech RepublicFaculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech RepublicMedical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, HungaryFaculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University, Sibiu, RomaniaDepartment of Neurosurgery and Neurooncology, Military University Hospital Prague, Czech Republic; Corresponding author. Department of Neurosurgery and Neurooncology Military University Hospital U Vojenské nemocnice, 1200 169 02, Prague, Czech Republic.Background: Preoperative knowledge of tumor consistency and the likelihood of gross total resection (GTR) would greatly benefit planning of pituitary adenoma surgery, however, no reliable methods currently exist. Objectives: To evaluate the utility of radiomic analysis of MRI for predicting tumor consistency and GTR. To explore the interpretability of contributing radiomic features. Methods: Patients undergoing first endoscopic surgery for pituitary macroadenomas were included. Tumor consistency was assessed intraoperatively, GTR was assessed based on postoperative MRI. Radiomic features were extracted from axial T2-weighted MRI. Low-variability and highly intercorrelated features were removed. Random Forest Classifiers were optimized using 70 % of patient data and evaluated on the remaining 30 %. Relative feature importance was assessed using the Gini–Simpson index. Results: 542 patients were included. GTR was achieved in 325 (60.0 %) cases, firm tumors were encountered in 122 (22.5 %) cases. There was a significant correlation between GTR and tumor consistency (67.1 % vs. 35.2 %, p < 0.001). 1688 radiomic variables were extracted, 442 were removed due to low variance and 699 due to high intercorrelation. The consistency prediction model achieved an accuracy of 81.6 % and utilized 32 features, GTR prediction model achieved 79.1 % accuracy using 73 features. Conclusions: Radiomic analysis demonstrated significant potential for preoperative evaluation of pituitary adenomas. Texture and intensity-based features were the primary contributors to consistency prediction. However, the explanation of these features was insufficient. GTR prediction was predominantly driven by shape-related features. Our findings highlight the challenges of linking radiomic features to underlying tissue properties and emphasize the need for cautious interpretation.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772529425000566Pituitary adenomaRadiomicsMagnetic resonance imagingTumor consistencyGross total resection
spellingShingle Martin Černý
Vojtěch Sedlák
Martin Májovský
Petr Vacek
Kateřina Sajfrídová
Kíra R. Patai
Alexia-Ştefana Mârza
David Netuka
Preoperative assessment of tumor consistency and gross total resection in pituitary adenoma: Radiomic analysis of T2-weighted MRI and interpretation of contributing radiomic features
Brain and Spine
Pituitary adenoma
Radiomics
Magnetic resonance imaging
Tumor consistency
Gross total resection
title Preoperative assessment of tumor consistency and gross total resection in pituitary adenoma: Radiomic analysis of T2-weighted MRI and interpretation of contributing radiomic features
title_full Preoperative assessment of tumor consistency and gross total resection in pituitary adenoma: Radiomic analysis of T2-weighted MRI and interpretation of contributing radiomic features
title_fullStr Preoperative assessment of tumor consistency and gross total resection in pituitary adenoma: Radiomic analysis of T2-weighted MRI and interpretation of contributing radiomic features
title_full_unstemmed Preoperative assessment of tumor consistency and gross total resection in pituitary adenoma: Radiomic analysis of T2-weighted MRI and interpretation of contributing radiomic features
title_short Preoperative assessment of tumor consistency and gross total resection in pituitary adenoma: Radiomic analysis of T2-weighted MRI and interpretation of contributing radiomic features
title_sort preoperative assessment of tumor consistency and gross total resection in pituitary adenoma radiomic analysis of t2 weighted mri and interpretation of contributing radiomic features
topic Pituitary adenoma
Radiomics
Magnetic resonance imaging
Tumor consistency
Gross total resection
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772529425000566
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